The study goals

The study examines the connection between exposure to terror attacks from the Gaza Strip, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, cultural identities, and social support among immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) to Israel.

Subjects

The study was conducted using a community sample of immigrants from the FSU to Israel living within a radius of 60 kilometers from the Gaza Strip (n = 601).

Method

The study was cross-sectional and used anonymous questionnaires. The following scales were applied: the Measure of Exposure to Terrorism (Pat-Horenczyk, R., Abramovitz, R., Peled, O., Brom, D., Daie, A., & Chemtob, C. M. (2007). Adolescent exposure to recurrent terrorism in Israel: Post-traumatic distress and functional impairment. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), 76–85), the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the ninth annual meeting of the international society for traumatic stress studies), the Social Network Interview (Mueller, D. P. (1980). Social networks: a promising direction for research on the relationship of the social environment to psychiatric disorder. Social Science &Medicine—Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, 14A (2), 147–161), the Scale of Identification with Cultural Groups (Roccas, S. (1997). Factors affecting identification with groups: Personality, group characteristics, and interaction between them. The Hebrew University), and the Scale of Adherence to Group Cultural Practices (Birman, D., & Tyler, F. B. (1994). Acculturation and alienation of Soviet Jewish refugees in the United States. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120 (1), 101–115).

Findings

The study results demonstrated that social support received from both the immigrant group and the larger society buffered the effect of exposure to terror attacks on PTSD symptoms among immigrants. Both components of cultural identity, identification with the group and adherence to the group’s cultural practices, predicted social support received from the group. The effects were demonstrated for the support received from the immigrant group and the larger society.

Major implications

The study results indicate that the immigrant group and the larger society may provide social support to immigrants in a stressful situation. The bicultural identity enables immigrants to receive social support from both cultural groups. Thus, the present study advances our understanding of the connection between the immigrants’ bicultural identity and psychological well-being/distress. On the theoretical level, the present study advances our understanding of the immigrants’ coping with the potentially traumatizing situations combining ideas of the conservation of resources (Hobfoll, S. E. (2011). Conservation of resources theory: Its implication for stress, health, and resilience. In S. Folkman (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping. Oxford University Press) and acculturation theories (Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29 (6), 697–712). From the practical point of view, the study results indicate that for immigrants to cope successfully with life-threatening situations, helping services must ensure the immigrants’ access to the resources of both the immigrant group and the larger society and strengthen the immigrants’ bicultural identity.

中文翻译：

---

从前苏联到以色列的移民遭受恐怖袭击和创伤：双文化认同和双文化社会支持的积极影响

研究目标

该研究考察了从前苏联 (FSU) 到以色列的移民中遭受来自加沙地带的恐怖袭击、创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状、文化认同和社会支持之间的联系。

科目

该研究是使用从 FSU 到以色列居住在距离加沙地带 60 公里范围内的移民的社区样本进行的（n = 601）。

方法

该研究是横断面的，并使用匿名问卷。应用了以下量表：暴露于恐怖主义的测量（Pat-Horenczyk, R., Abramovitz, R., Peled, O., Brom, D., Daie, A., & Chemtob, CM (2007)。青少年暴露以色列反复出现的恐怖主义：创伤后痛苦和功能障碍。Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), 76–85)，PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). PTSD 检查表 (PCL)：可靠性、有效性和诊断效用。论文在国际创伤压力研究学会第九届年会上发表），社交网络访谈（Mueller, DP (1980)。社交网络：研究社会环境与精神疾病关系的一个有前途的方向。

发现

研究结果表明，从移民群体和更大的社会获得的社会支持缓冲了恐怖袭击对移民的创伤后应激障碍症状的影响。文化认同的两个组成部分，对群体的认同和对群体文化实践的坚持，都预测了从群体中获得的社会支持。从移民群体和更大的社会获得的支持证明了效果。

主要影响

研究结果表明，移民群体和更大的社会可能会为处于压力状态的移民提供社会支持。双文化身份使移民能够从两个文化群体中获得社会支持。因此，本研究促进了我们对移民双文化身份与心理幸福/痛苦之间联系的理解。在理论层面，本研究结合资源保护的理念，推进了我们对移民应对潜在创伤情况的理解（Hobfoll, SE (2011)。资源保护理论：其对压力、健康和复原力的影响） . 在 S. Folkman (Ed.) The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping. Oxford University Press）和文化适应理论（Berry, JW (2005). 文化适应：在两种文化中成功地生活。国际跨文化关系杂志，29 (6), 697–712)。从实践的角度来看，研究结果表明，要使移民成功应对危及生命的情况，帮助服务必须确保移民能够获得移民群体和更大社会的资源，并加强移民的双文化认同。 .