Water supply and its proper management play a significant role in establishing an optimal water policy in semi-arid regions. Also, soil plays a key role in earth as an environmental interface. However, soil salinity is usually a large-scale problem, which adversely affects the environment resulting in many environmental difficulties. The practice of leaching is the inevitable method for improving saline soils. However, due to the diminishing trend of available freshwater resources, as well as the necessity of allocating good quality water for many ecological and environmental demands, leaching must be optimized towards using a minimum amount of water. This study aimed to (i) quantify the optimal water required for efficient salt leaching and (ii) derive a simple practical model for estimating leaching requirements. A large area of 33 000 ha with extreme salinity was selected and two field plot-scale leaching experiments were conducted. Different mathematical schemes were derived. The derived logarithmic model provided better performance. Results indicated that one pore volume of water is sufficient to leach out 85% of salts from the soil profile of the studied areas. Applying this quantity of water will sustain and secure the environment from the main environmental problems resulting from soil salinization.

中文翻译：

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最大限度地减少淡水使用以改善半干旱地区盐渍土的质量

供水及其适当管理在半干旱地区制定最佳水资源政策方面发挥着重要作用。此外，土壤作为环境界面在地球中起着关键作用。然而，土壤盐碱化通常是一个大范围的问题，它对环境造成不利影响，导致许多环境困难。淋洗是改良盐渍土的必然方法。然而，由于可用淡水资源的减少趋势，以及为许多生态和环境需求分配优质水的必要性，必须优化浸出以使用最少的水量。本研究旨在 (i) 量化有效盐浸出所需的最佳水量，以及 (ii) 推导出一个用于估算浸出需求的简单实用模型。选择了 33 000 公顷的大片盐度极高的区域，并进行了两次田间地块规模的浸出试验。推导出了不同的数学方案。派生的对数模型提供了更好的性能。结果表明，一个孔隙体积的水足以从研究区域的土壤剖面中浸出 85% 的盐分。应用这一数量的水将维持和保护环境免受土壤盐碱化造成的主要环境问题的影响。