Several vineyard techniques have been proposed to delay grape maturity in light of the advanced maturation driven by increasingly frequent water and heat stress events that are detrimental to grape quality. These studies differ in terms of their experimental conditions, and in the present work we have attempted to summarize previous observations in a quantitative, data-driven systematic review. A meta-analysis of quantitative data gathered across 43 relevant studies revealed the overall significance of the proposed treatments and evaluated the impact of different experimental conditions on the outcome of antitranspirants, delayed pruning and late source limitation. Antitranspirants were most effective when applied twice and closer to veraison, while di-1-p-menthene increased the ripening delay by about 1°Brix compared to kaolin. Larger ripening delays were achieved with delayed pruning of low-yielding vines or by pruning at later stages of apical bud development. Late defoliation or shoot trimming delayed ripening in high-yielding vines and represent suitable solutions for late-harvested varieties, but became ineffective where the treatment decreased yield. This quantitative meta-analysis of 242 primary observations uncovers factors affecting the efficacy of vineyard practices to delay ripening, which should be carefully considered by grape growers attempting to achieve this outcome.

中文翻译：

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用于延迟成熟的葡萄园技术的系统回顾和荟萃分析

鉴于日益频繁的对葡萄质量有害的水和热应激事件驱动的提前成熟，已经提出了几种葡萄园技术来延迟葡萄成熟。这些研究的实验条件不同，在目前的工作中，我们试图在定量的、数据驱动的系统评价中总结以前的观察结果。对 43 项相关研究收集的定量数据进行的荟萃分析揭示了所提出处理的总体意义，并评估了不同实验条件对抗蒸腾剂、延迟修剪和后期源限制结果的影响。抗蒸腾剂在应用两次且接近于转色时最有效，而与高岭土相比，di-1-p-menthene 使成熟延迟增加了约 1°Brix。通过延迟修剪低产藤蔓或在顶芽发育后期进行修剪，可以实现更大的成熟延迟。晚脱叶或枝条修剪延迟了高产葡萄藤的成熟，代表了晚收品种的合适解决方案，但在处理降低产量的情况下变得无效。这项对 242 项主要观察结果的定量荟萃分析揭示了影响葡萄园实践延迟成熟效果的因素，试图实现这一结果的葡萄种植者应仔细考虑这一点。但在处理降低产量的情况下变得无效。这项对 242 项主要观察结果的定量荟萃分析揭示了影响葡萄园实践延迟成熟效果的因素，试图实现这一结果的葡萄种植者应仔细考虑这一点。但在处理降低产量的情况下变得无效。这项对 242 项主要观察结果的定量荟萃分析揭示了影响葡萄园实践延迟成熟效果的因素，试图实现这一结果的葡萄种植者应仔细考虑这一点。