Oenothera sect. Calylophus is a North American group of 13 recognized taxa in the evening primrose family (Onagraceae) with an evolutionary history that may include independent origins of bee pollination, edaphic endemism, and permanent translocation heterozygosity. Like other groups that radiated relatively recently and rapidly, taxon boundaries within Oenothera sect. Calylophus have remained challenging to circumscribe. In this study, we used target enrichment, flanking non-coding regions, gene tree/species tree methods, tests for gene flow modified for target-enrichment data, and morphometric analysis to reconstruct phylogenetic hypotheses, evaluate current taxon circumscriptions, and examine character evolution in Oenothera sect. Calylophus. Because sect. Calylophus comprises a clade with a relatively restricted geographic range, we were able to extensively sample across the range of geographic, edaphic and morphological diversity in the group. We found that the combination of exons and flanking non-coding regions led to improved support for species relationships. We reconstructed potential hybrid origins of some accessions and note that if processes such as hybridization are not taken into account, the number of inferred evolutionary transitions may be artificially inflated. We recovered strong evidence for multiple evolutionary origins of bee pollination from ancestral hawkmoth pollination, edaphic specialization on gypsum, and permanent translocation heterozygosity. This study applies newly emerging techniques alongside dense infraspecific sampling and morphological analyses to effectively reconstruct the recalcitrant history of a rapid radiation.

中文翻译：

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目标丰富和广泛的群体采样有助于解开月见草教派最近的快速辐射。卡利洛弗斯

月见草属。Calylophus 是北美月见草科（Onagraceae）中 13 个公认的类群，其进化历史可能包括蜜蜂授粉的独立起源、土壤特有现象和永久易位杂合性。与其他相对较新且快速辐射的类群一样，月见草属内的分类单元边界。Calylophus 的界定仍然具有挑战性。在本研究中，我们使用目标富集、侧翼非编码区、基因树/物种树方法、针对目标富集数据修改的基因流测试以及形态计量分析来重建系统发育假设，评估当前分类单元范围并检查性状进化在月见草教中。卡利洛弗斯。因为宗门。Calylophus 包含一个地理范围相对有限的分支，我们能够在该群体的地理、土壤和形态多样性范围内进行广泛的采样。我们发现外显子和侧翼非编码区域的组合改善了对物种关系的支持。我们重建了一些种质的潜在杂交起源，并注意到如果不考虑杂交等过程，推断的进化转变的数量可能会被人为夸大。我们从祖先天蛾授粉、石膏的土壤特化和永久易位杂合性中找到了蜜蜂授粉的多重进化起源的有力证据。这项研究应用新兴技术以及密集种下采样和形态分析来有效重建快速辐射的顽抗历史。