Mixed parity sows (n=3,451; PIC, Hendersonville, TN; parities 2 through 9) and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of essential fatty acid (EFA) intake on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth and survivability, and colostrum and milk composition. Our hypothesis, like observed in earlier research, was that increasing linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) would improve sow and litter performance. At approximately d 112 of gestation, sows were randomly assigned within parity groups to 1 of 4 corn-soybean meal-wheat-based lactation diets that contained 0.5 (Control) or 3% choice white grease (CWG), 3% soybean oil (SO), or a combination of 3% soybean oil and 2% choice white grease (Combination). Thus, sows were provided diets with low LA and ALA in diets with CWG or high LA and ALA in diets that included soybean oil. Sows received their assigned EFA treatments until weaning and were then fed a common gestation and lactation diet in the subsequent reproductive cycle. Average daily feed intake during the lactation period increased (P < 0.05) for sows fed the Combination and CWG diets compared to sows fed the Control or SO diet. However, daily LA and ALA intakes of sows fed the Combination and SO diets were still greater (P < 0.05) than those of sows fed 0.5 or 3% CWG. Overall, sows consuming high EFA from the Combination or SO diets produced litters with heavier (P < 0.05) piglet weaning weights and greater (P < 0.05) litter ADG when compared to litters from sows fed diets with CWG that provided low EFA. Despite advantages in growth performance, there was no impact of sow EFA intake on piglet survivability (P > 0.10). Additionally, lactation diet EFA composition did not influence sow colostrum or milk dry matter, crude protein, or crude fat content (P > 0.10). However, LA and ALA content in colostrum and milk increased (P < 0.05) in response to elevated dietary EFA from SO. There was no evidence for differences (P > 0.10) in subsequent sow reproductive or litter performance due to previous lactation EFA intake. In conclusion, increased LA and ALA intake provided by soybean oil during lactation increased overall litter growth and pig weaning weights, reduced sow ADFI, but did not affect piglet survivability or subsequent performance of sows.

中文翻译：

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评估泌乳母猪日粮中必需脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能、初乳和乳成分以及仔猪存活率的影响

混合胎次母猪（n=3,451；PIC，田纳西州亨德森维尔；第 2 至 9 胎）及其窝仔被用于评估必需脂肪酸 (EFA) 摄入量对母猪繁殖性能、仔猪生长和存活率以及初乳和牛奶的影响作品。与早期研究中观察到的一样，我们的假设是增加亚油酸 (LA) 和 α-亚麻酸 (ALA) 会改善母猪和窝产仔猪的生产性能。在大约妊娠 112 天时，母猪在胎次组内被随机分配到 4 种基于玉米-豆粕-小麦的泌乳日粮中的一种，其中含有 0.5（对照）或 3% 精选白油脂（CWG）、3% 大豆油（SO ), 或 3% 大豆油和 2% 精选白油脂的组合 (Combination)。因此，向母猪提供含有低 LA 和 ALA 的 CWG 日粮或高 LA 和 ALA 日粮（包括大豆油）。母猪在断奶前接受指定的 EFA 治疗，然后在随后的繁殖周期中饲喂普通的妊娠期和哺乳期日粮。与饲喂对照或 SO 日粮的母猪相比，饲喂组合日粮和 CWG 日粮的母猪在泌乳期的平均每日采食量有所增加 (P < 0.05)。然而，饲喂组合日粮和 SO 日粮的母猪的每日 LA 和 ALA 摄入量仍高于饲喂 0.5 或 3% CWG 的母猪 (P < 0.05)。总体而言，与饲喂提供低 EFA 的 CWG 日粮的母猪相比，采食来自组合日粮或 SO 日粮的高 EFA 的母猪产下的仔猪断奶重更重 (P < 0.05)，窝产日增重更高 (P < 0.05)。尽管在生长性能方面有优势，但母猪摄入 EFA 对仔猪存活率没有影响（P > 0.10）。此外，泌乳期日粮 EFA 组成不影响母猪初乳或乳干物质、粗蛋白或粗脂肪含量 (P > 0.10)。然而，初乳和牛奶中的 LA 和 ALA 含量增加（P < 0.05）以响应来自 SO 的膳食 EFA 升高。没有证据表明母猪随后的繁殖或窝产性能因之前的泌乳期 EFA 摄入量而存在差异 (P > 0.10)。总之，在泌乳期间大豆油提供的 LA 和 ALA 摄入量增加增加了总窝生长和断奶体重，降低了母猪的 ADFI，但不影响仔猪的存活率或母猪随后的生产性能。初乳和牛奶中的 LA 和 ALA 含量增加 (P < 0.05) 以响应来自 SO 的膳食 EFA 升高。没有证据表明母猪随后的繁殖或窝产性能因之前的泌乳期 EFA 摄入量而存在差异 (P > 0.10)。总之，在泌乳期间大豆油提供的 LA 和 ALA 摄入量增加增加了总窝生长和断奶体重，降低了母猪的 ADFI，但不影响仔猪的存活率或母猪随后的生产性能。初乳和牛奶中的 LA 和 ALA 含量增加 (P < 0.05) 以响应来自 SO 的膳食 EFA 升高。没有证据表明母猪随后的繁殖或窝产性能因之前的泌乳期 EFA 摄入量而存在差异 (P > 0.10)。总之，在泌乳期间大豆油提供的 LA 和 ALA 摄入量增加增加了总窝生长和断奶体重，降低了母猪的 ADFI，但不影响仔猪的存活率或母猪随后的生产性能。