How infants are held or contained throughout the day shape infants' experiences, particularly around movement and exploration. In Tajikistan, caregivers use ‘gahvora’ cradles, which severely restrict the body and limbs. The present study explored the variability and use of containment devices in U.S. and Tajik infants. Using time diaries, we compared 12-month-olds in the U.S. and Tajikistan on the types of containments used and the time spent in them throughout the day. During the day, Tajik infants accumulated more time in gahvoras than infants in the U.S. spent in cribs, primarily used for sleep, suggesting gahvoras served other functions. Given the availability of other devices, U.S. infants' time was distributed in short yet frequent bouts across devices. Accumulated time in these containments matched accumulated time Tajik infants spent in gahvoras. Tajik infants accumulated more unrestricted time on the ground, which was distributed in prolonged bouts, than U.S. infants. Findings highlight differences in infants' everyday experiences during the developmental period when motor skills emerge. By embracing commonalities and exploring differences between cultures, this study offers insights into differences in infants' everyday experiences and opportunities for movement.

中文翻译：

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美国和塔吉克斯坦婴儿在收容装置中的时间比较

婴儿在一天中被抱或包容的方式会影响婴儿的经历，特别是在运动和探索方面。在塔吉克斯坦，护理人员使用“gahvora”摇篮，这严重限制了身体和四肢。本研究探讨了美国和塔吉克婴儿收容装置的变异性和使用情况。我们使用时间日记，比较了美国和塔吉克斯坦 12 个月大的婴儿所使用的封闭措施类型以及全天在其中度过的时间。白天，塔吉克婴儿在 gahvoras 中积累的时间比美国婴儿在婴儿床中度过的时间更多，主要用于睡眠，这表明 gahvoras 还具有其他功能。考虑到其他设备的可用性，美国婴儿的时间分布在短暂但频繁的跨设备上。在这些收容设施中的累计时间与塔吉克婴儿在加沃拉度过的累计时间相匹配。塔吉克斯坦婴儿比美国婴儿积累了更多不受限制的地面时间，这些时间分布在长时​​间的发作中。研究结果强调了婴儿在运动技能出现的发育时期的日常经历的差异。通过拥抱文化之间的共性并探索文化之间的差异，这项研究深入了解了婴儿日常经历和运动机会的差异。