To advance the understanding of how parental self-regulation contributes to their role in supporting children's development, this study proposes a model of the dynamic processes involved in parental self-regulation. Based on time-series data from 157 mothers and their 30- to 60-month-old children (49.7% female; 96% White; data collected June 2017–December 2019 in central Pennsylvania, U.S.) during a challenging wait task, the model was tested by examining the temporal relations among challenging child behavior, maternal physiology, and maternal responsiveness. Results were consistent with the hypothesized dynamic negative feedback processes and revealed their associations with the overall quality of parenting behaviors and experiences. Findings elucidate how parents adapt to competing external (attending to child) and internal (restoring parents' equilibrium) demands during parenting challenges.

中文翻译：

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挑战儿童行为背景下父母自我调节过程的动态系统解释

为了加深对父母自我调节如何促进他们在支持儿童发展中的作用的理解，本研究提出了一个父母自我调节所涉及的动态过程模型。该模型基于 157 名母亲及其 30 至 60 个月大的孩子（49.7% 为女性；96% 为白人；2017 年 6 月至 2019 年 12 月在美国宾夕法尼亚州中部收集的数据）的时间序列数据，该模型通过检查具有挑战性的儿童行为、母亲生理和母亲反应之间的时间关系来测试。结果与假设的动态负反馈过程一致，并揭示了它们与育儿行为和经验的整体质量的关联。