Background: COVID-19 has reached more than 20 million people since its appearance in December 2019. As a result of the infection process by the Sars-CoV-2 virus, patients manifest initial symptoms easily mistaken for common flu. However, in a small group of the population, the condition may progress to pneumonia or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an integrative review on laboratory and imaging diagnostics for COVID-19, in the period from 2019 to 2021. Method: Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, Virtual Library, LILACS, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and the official website of the World Health Organization were used. Results: RT-qPCR identifies fragments of viral RNA in the initial stage of the disease since the genes E and RdRp are the most used, given the great sensitivity. Imaging and serological methods can be used as complementary exams. The main radiographic findings are reticular and ground-glass opacity patterns, reversed halo sign, mosaic attenuation, and consolidations. The antibody levels are detected after the seventh day of symptom onset. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results for the diagnosis of COVID-19, since the onset of clinical symptoms and laboratory and imaging tests must be taken into account.

中文翻译：

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Covid-19 的主要诊断方法：综合审查

背景：自 2019 年 12 月出现以来，COVID-19 已影响超过 2000 万人。由于 Sars-CoV-2 病毒的感染过程，患者表现出的初始症状很容易被误认为是普通流感。然而，在一小部分人群中，病情可能会发展为肺炎或严重急性呼吸系统综合症 (SARS)。目的：本研究的目的是对 2019 年至 2021 年期间 COVID-19 的实验室和影像学诊断进行综合审查。方法：电子数据库 PubMed、Google Scholar、SciELO、虚拟图书馆、LILACS、MEDLINE、使用了 ScienceDirect 和世界卫生组织的官方网站。结果：RT-qPCR 鉴定了疾病初期的病毒 RNA 片段，因为基因 E 和 RdRp 使用最多，鉴于极大的敏感性。影像学和血清学方法可作为补充检查。主要的射线照相发现是网状和毛玻璃样不透明模式、反晕征、马赛克衰减和实变。症状发作第七天后检测抗体水平。结论：在解释 COVID-19 的诊断结果时应谨慎，因为必须考虑临床症状的出现以及实验室和影像学检查。