The present study analyzes the effect of the incorporation of divalent cations (Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺) in the structure of a synthetic sodium jarosite on the dissolution rate in acid medium (H₂SO₄). Four syntheses of sodium jarosite with different amounts of Zn and Cu were performed using the hydrothermal method. The precipitates were characterized in detail using different analytical techniques. The feasibility of substituting Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in the synthetized jarosites and in other previously reported jarosites was also analyzed by considering the Hume-Rothery rules for substitutional solid solutions. The variables investigated to determine the dissolution kinetics were temperature, pH and particle size. The rate-controlling step was the chemical reaction on the jarosite particle surface, which occurred according to the shrinking core kinetic model for spherical particles without the formation of a solid byproduct layer. In addition, the decomposition curves showed that the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in the leach liquor increased as the reaction progressed. The reaction rate was affected by the presence of Cu in the structure of the sodium jarosite; the rate constant of dissolution for the Zn-incorporated jarosite (0.0035 min⁻¹) was very similar to that obtained for the nonsubstituted jarosite (0.0034 min⁻¹), but these values were higher than that determined for the Cu-incorporated jarosite (0.0026 min⁻¹). This difference might be related to the difference between the atomic radii of Cu and Fe, which may cause a distortion of the jarosite crystal lattice due to the variation in the a parameter. Finally, a global kinetic equation was proposed that considers the kinetic parameters determined from the induction and progressive periods; this model was able to satisfactorily describe the leaching behavior of Cu-incorporated sodium jarosite under acidic conditions.

本研究分析了在合成黄钾铁矾钠结构中掺入二价阳离子（Cu ²⁺和Zn ²⁺）对酸性介质（H ₂ SO ₄）溶解速率的影响。采用水热法合成了 4 种不同 Zn 和 Cu 含量的黄钾铁矾钠。使用不同的分析技术对沉淀物进行详细表征。替代Cu ²⁺和Zn ^{2+的可行性}在合成黄钾铁矾和其他先前报道的黄钾铁矾中，还通过考虑替代固溶体的休谟-罗瑟里规则进行了分析。为确定溶解动力学而研究的变量是温度、pH 值和粒度。速率控制步骤是黄钾铁矾颗粒表面的化学反应，它根据球形颗粒的收缩核动力学模型发生，没有形成固体副产物层。此外，分解曲线表明，浸出液中铜、锌和铁的浓度随着反应的进行而增加。反应速率受黄钾矾钠结构中 Cu 的存在影响；掺锌黄钾铁矾的溶解速率常数（0.0035 min ^{-1) 与未取代的黄钾铁矾 (0.0034 min -1} )得到的值非常相似，但这些值高于掺铜的黄钾铁矾 (0.0026 min ^-1 )。这种差异可能与Cu和Fe的原子半径之间的差异有关，这可能由于a参数的变化而导致黄钾铁矾晶格的畸变。最后，提出了一个全局动力学方程，该方程考虑了诱导期和渐进期确定的动力学参数；该模型能够令人满意地描述在酸性条件下掺铜的黄钾铁矾钠的浸出行为。