Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immune memory. Here, SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific immune responses to Moderna mRNA-1273, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, Janssen Ad26.COV2.S, and Novavax NVX-CoV2373 were examined longitudinally for 6 months 100% of individuals made memory CD4⁺ T cells, with cTfh and CD4-CTL highly represented after mRNA or NVX-CoV2373 vaccination. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced comparable CD8⁺ T cell frequencies, though only detectable in 60–67% of subjects at 6 months. A differentiating feature of Ad26.COV2.S immunization was a high frequency of CXCR3⁺ memory B cells. mRNA vaccinees had substantial declines in antibodies, while memory T and B cells were comparatively stable. These results may also be relevant for insights against other pathogens.

代表不同疫苗平台的多种 COVID-19 疫苗可成功预防有症状的 COVID-19 病例和死亡。人类对不同疫苗的 T 细胞、B 细胞和抗体反应的头对头比较可能有助于了解针对 COVID-19 的保护性免疫，特别是对免疫记忆的兴趣。在此，对 Moderna mRNA-1273、辉瑞/BioNTech BNT162b2、杨森 Ad26.COV2.S 和 Novavax NVX-CoV2373 的 SARS-CoV-2 尖峰特异性免疫反应进行了 6 个月的纵向检查，100% 的个体产生了记忆 CD4 ⁺ T 细胞，在 mRNA 或 NVX-CoV2373 疫苗接种后，cTfh 和 CD4-CTL 高度表现。 mRNA 疫苗和 Ad26.COV2.S 诱导的 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞频率相当，但仅在 6 个月时在 60-67% 的受试者中检测到。 Ad26.COV2.S免疫的一个区别特征是CXCR3 ⁺记忆B细胞的高频率。 mRNA疫苗接种者的抗体大幅下降，而记忆T细胞和B细胞则相对稳定。这些结果也可能与针对其他病原体的见解相关。