Interpersonal power involves how much actors can influence partners (actor power) and how much partners can influence actors (partner power). Yet, most theories and investigations of power conflate the effects of actor and partner power, creating a fundamental ambiguity in the literature regarding how power shapes social behavior. We demonstrate that actor and partner power are distinct and have differential effects on social behavior. Six studies (total N = 1,787) tested whether actor and partner power independently predicted behavioral inhibition (expressive suppression) and communal behavior (prioritization of partners' needs) within close relationships, including during couples' daily life (Study 1), lab-based social interactions (Studies 1-5; 1,012 dyadic interactions), and general responses during conflict (Studies 5 and 6). Actor power was negatively associated with behavioral inhibition, indicating that actors' low power prompts self-focused inhibition to prevent negative outcomes that low power actors are unable to control. Partner power was positively associated with actors' communal behavior, indicating that high partner power prompts other-focused behavior that prioritizes partners' needs and goals. These differential effects of actor and partner power replicated in work-based relationships with bosses/managers (Study 6). Unexpectedly, partner power was negatively associated with actors' behavioral inhibition within close relationships, consistent with a desire to prevent negative outcomes for low power partners. We present a framework that integrates the approach-inhibition and agentic-communal theories of power to account for the differential effects of actor and partner power. We describe the implications of this framework for understanding the effects of power in both close and hierarchical relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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演员和合作伙伴的权力是截然不同的，对社会行为有不同的影响。

人际权力涉及演员对伙伴的影响力（演员力）和伙伴对演员的影响力（伙伴力）。然而，大多数关于权力的理论和调查都将行动者权力和合作伙伴权力的影响混为一谈，从而在关于权力如何塑造社会行为的文献中产生了根本的歧义。我们证明演员和合作伙伴的力量是截然不同的，并且对社会行为有不同的影响。六项研究（总 N = 1,787）测试了演员和伴侣的力量是否独立预测亲密关系中的行为抑制（表达抑制）和公共行为（伴侣需求的优先次序），包括夫妻日常生活（研究 1），基于实验室社会互动（研究 1-5；1,012 个二元互动），以及冲突期间的一般反应（研究 5 和 6）。演员权力与行为抑制呈负相关，表明演员的低权力会促使自我聚焦抑制，以防止低权力演员无法控制的负面结果。伙伴权力与行动者的共同行为呈正相关，表明高伙伴权力会促使以他人为中心的行为优先考虑伙伴的需求和目标。演员和合作伙伴权力的这些不同影响在与老板/经理的基于工作的关系中复制（研究 6）。出乎意料的是，合作伙伴的权力与行为者在亲密关系中的行为抑制呈负相关，这与防止低权力合作伙伴产生负面结果的愿望一致。我们提出了一个框架，该框架整合了方法抑制和代理公共权力理论，以解释演员和合作伙伴权力的不同影响。我们描述了这个框架对理解权力在亲密关系和等级关系中的影响的影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。