This study examined the developmental profiles of children's social reasoning about individual agentive and deontic concerns. Tongan children (N = 140, 47.9% male), aged 4–8 years, were given a set of mentalistic (standard theory-of-mind) and deontic reasoning tasks. On average, children found diverse desires, knowledge access, hidden emotion, and belief emotion easier than the false-belief and diverse belief tasks. Tongan children were sensitive to social norms governing behavior, and this information was recruited for predicting behavior in a false-belief task when embedded in a socially normative context. We discuss the potential for cultural mandates to shape children's social understanding and the impact of culture on our theoretical framing of children's development.

中文翻译：

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可以，会，应该：汤加儿童的心智理论和道义推理

本研究考察了儿童对个人主体和义务关注的社会推理的发展概况。4-8 岁的同安儿童（N  = 140，47.9% 男性）被赋予了一套心理（标准的心理理论）和道义推理任务。平均而言，与错误信念和多样化信念任务相比，儿童更容易发现多样化的欲望、知识获取、隐藏的情感和信念情感。汤加儿童对支配行为的社会规范很敏感，当嵌入社会规范环境时，这些信息被用于预测错误信念任务中的行为。我们讨论了文化使命塑造儿童社会理解的潜力以及文化对我们儿童发展理论框架的影响。