Objective: To examine the impact of posttraumatic stress on the choice of responses to and attribution of intentionality in peer provocation in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: A sample of 2678 adolescents from Northern Russia, aged 13-17 years (59.3% female; 95.7% ethnic Russian) completed self-reports on posttraumatic stress and rated hypothetical peer provocation scenarios that teenagers can encounter in their daily lives. Results: Adolescents with clinically significant levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms (n=184 (6.8%)) reported a different pattern of reactions to peer provocation as compared to all other adolescents. Boys and girls with high levels of posttraumatic symptoms reported that they would be less likely to discuss conflict situations and more likely to react with physical aggression. Compared to their male counterparts, girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were more likely to endorse hostile intentions, avoid provocations, and were less likely to endorse verbally aggressive responses. In provocation scenarios that involved physical aggression, girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were less likely to endorse verbal aggressive responses and more likely to endorse physically aggressive responses than girls without clinically significant levels of posttraumatic symptoms. Girls with high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were also more likely to avoid socially aggressive situations than non-traumatized girls, whereas boys had an opposite pattern. Conclusions: High levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms may play a significant role in the endorsement of aggressive reactions in conflicts with peers and patterns of reactions may be gender-specific. A history of posttraumatic stress should be carefully evaluated in children and adolescents seeking treatment for aggressive behavior.

中文翻译：

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青少年的创伤后压力和感知的人际挑衅。


目的：探讨创伤后应激对青春期男孩和女孩同伴挑衅的反应选择和意向归因的影响。方法：以俄罗斯北部 2678 名 13-17 岁青少年为样本（59.3% 为女性；95.7% 为俄罗斯族），完成了关于创伤后压力的自我报告，并对青少年在日常生活中可能遇到的假设的同伴挑衅场景进行了评级。结果：与所有其他青少年相比，具有临床显着水平的创伤后应激症状的青少年 (n=184 (6.8%)) 报告了对同伴挑衅的不同反应模式。患有严重创伤后症状的男孩和女孩报告说，他们不太可能讨论冲突局势，而更有可能做出身体攻击的反应。与男性相比，具有高水平创伤后应激症状的女孩更有可能支持敌对意图、避免挑衅，并且不太可能支持口头攻击性反应。在涉及身体攻击的挑衅场景中，与没有临床显着水平的创伤后症状的女孩相比，具有高水平创伤后应激症状的女孩不太可能支持言语攻击性反应，而更有可能支持身体攻击性反应。与未受创伤的女孩相比，患有严重创伤后应激症状的女孩也更有可能避免社交攻击性的情况，而男孩则有相反的模式。结论：高水平的创伤后应激症状可能在与同伴冲突时的攻击性反应的认可中发挥重要作用，并且反应模式可能具有性别特异性。 对于寻求攻击性行为治疗的儿童和青少年，应仔细评估其创伤后应激史。