Soil biodiversity is of key importance to many essential ecosystem functions, but currently it is severely threatened by both intensive agriculture and climate changes. Ecological intensification, including organic amendments and less disturbance, is expected to buffer the degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning induced by intensive agriculture, but its effects in the context of climate changes are poorly understood. In the present work, we studied the responses of agricultural soil biodiversity to ecological intensification under different natural rainfall intensities in a subtropical field. We focused on a numerically dominant group of soil microarthropods, the Collembola, and three conservation managements, i.e., straw, manure, and no-tillage. The experimental site was established with a full-factorial design of different managements. Soil physiochemical parameters and the density, taxonomic diversity, and morpho-functional traits of the collembolan community were measured over three consecutive years. Results showed that rainfall intensification markedly reduced collembolan density and had severe impact on large euedaphic species. Straw amendment buffered the detrimental effect of dense rainfall on collembolan density, but aggravated the body size reduction caused by the rainfall. Manure input and no-tillage mainly affected the community functional composition, in which manure favours more active and mobile species characterised by a well-developed furca, whereas no-tillage favoured surface-dwelling species. These results support the hypothesis that external resource enrichment and reduced disturbance would shape the functional traits of soil fauna, and further modified their response to climate change events. Our findings call for more attention on the functional consequences of ecological intensification and the interactions among soil biodiversity, agricultural managements and climate changes.

土壤生物多样性对许多重要的生态系统功能至关重要，但目前它受到集约农业和气候变化的严重威胁。生态集约化，包括有机改良和减少干扰，有望缓解集约化农业引起的生物多样性和生态系统功能的退化，但人们对其在气候变化背景下的影响知之甚少。在目前的工作中，我们研究了亚热带不同自然降雨强度下农业土壤生物多样性对生态集约化的响应。我们专注于在数量上占主导地位的土壤微型节肢动物群，即跳虫，以及三种保护管理方式，即稻草、粪肥和免耕。试验场地的建立采用不同管理的全因子设计。连续三年测量了跳虫群落的土壤理化参数和密度、分类多样性和形态功能特征。结果表明，降雨强化显着降低了跳虫的密度，并对大型原生态物种产生了严重影响。秸秆改良缓冲了密集降雨对跳虫密度的不利影响，但加剧了降雨引起的体型缩小。粪肥投入和免耕主要影响群落功能组成，其中粪肥有利于以发达的分叉为特征的更活跃和流动的物种，而免耕有利于地表栖息的物种。这些结果支持这样的假设，即外部资源丰富和减少干扰将塑造土壤动物的功能特征，并进一步改变它们对气候变化事件的响应。我们的研究结果呼吁更多地关注生态集约化的功能后果以及土壤生物多样性、农业管理和气候变化之间的相互作用。