Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical reduction potential. However, both lithium dendritic formation and huge volume change upon cycling severely discount its practical longevity. Various strategies have been proposed recently to address the electrochemical/chemical stabilities of Li anode by fabricating composite structures with somewhat compromising the energy density. Herein, abundant structural defects were successfully introduced into the commercial 3D carbon paper (3D CP), which was then employed as the matrix (3D CP/D) to construct Li composite anode (3D CP/D-Li). Experimental observations reveal that the oxygen treatment greatly improves the lithiophilicity of 3D CP/D, which not only enables the uniform loading of molten lithium, but also facilitates lithium stripping and plating upon cycling. Symmetric cells with the 3D CP/D-Li could be operated over ∼ 600 cycles under an ultrahigh current density of 12 mA cm⁻². Utilizing commercial LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂ (NCA) as cathode material (with a high mass loading of ∼ 21.93 mg cm⁻²), the assembled cell (NCA | 3D CP/D-Li) exhibits an improved capacity retention of 74.4% and a high reversible capacity of 160.2 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles compared with that selecting bare lithium as anode (34.4% and 72.2 mAh g⁻¹). This work establishes a novel strategy to fabricate robust Li composite anode with high mass loading and long life, which may shed light in the development of composite anode for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

锂金属因其高理论比容量和低电化学还原电位被认为是最有前途的负极材料。然而，锂枝晶的形成和循环后的巨大体积变化都严重影响了它的实际寿命。最近已经提出了各种策略来通过制造复合结构来解决锂负极的电化学/化学稳定性问题，同时在一定程度上降低能量密度。该研究成功地将丰富的结构缺陷引入商业3D碳纸（3D CP），然后将其用作基体（3D CP/D）来构建锂复合负极（3D CP/D-Li）。实验观察表明，氧处理大大提高了 3D CP/D 的亲锂性，不仅使熔融锂的负载均匀，但也有利于循环时锂的剥离和电镀。具有 3D CP/D-Li 的对称电池可以在 12 mA cm 的超高电流密度下运行超过 600 次循环^-2。使用商业化的 LiNi _0.8 Co _0.15 Al _0.05 O ₂ (NCA) 作为正极材料（质量负载约为 21.93 mg cm ^-2），组装电池（NCA | 3D CP/D-Li）表现出提高的容量保持率与选择裸锂作为负极（34.4% 和 72.2 mAh g ^-1）相比，500 次循环后的 74.4% 和 160.2 mAh g ^{-1的高可逆容量。}这项工作建立了一种新的策略来制造具有高质量负载和长寿命的坚固的锂复合负极，这可能为下一代高能量密度锂离子电池复合负极的开发提供启示。