Background

African-American and Latinx youth are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence and are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Perceived neighborhood violence is associated with negative health outcomes.

Objective

We examined associations between African-American and Latinx youths’ perceived neighborhood violence and health during reentry after juvenile incarceration.

Methods

Youth (n = 50) returning home after incarceration completed health questionnaires at one-month post-incarceration. A subset of participants (n = 25 youth) also participated in one-on-one, semi-structured longitudinal interviews.

Results

Twenty-eight (56%) participants reported neighborhood violence in quantitative surveys. Quantitative analyses revealed that perceived neighborhood violence was positively associated with reported asthma diagnosis, doctor recommendations for medical follow-up, perceived stress, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Perceived neighborhood violence was negatively correlated with perceived family support. Stress ratings were associated with ACE total scores, moderate to severe depression symptoms, and family support. Moderate-to-severe depression symptoms were significantly correlated with lower ratings of family support. Qualitative interviews supplemented our quantitative findings and showed that responses to perceived neighborhood violence were linked to specific health-related behaviors, such as substance use or avoidance of gang activity.

Conclusions

Overall, our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that perceived neighborhood violence is associated with many negative psychosocial factors that could impact overall health and wellbeing of youth undergoing reentry. Treatment implications include the development and testing of family-centered interventions that help improve the transition back into the community for youth undergoing reentry and especially, their access to evidence-based treatment, including leveraging family telehealth substance use interventions.

中文翻译：

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探索入狱后返回家园的非裔美国人和拉丁裔青年的邻里暴力与健康之间的联系

背景

非裔美国人和拉丁裔青年不成比例地遭受邻里暴力，并且在美国少年司法系统中所占比例过高。感知到的邻里暴力与负面的健康结果有关。

客观的

我们检查了非裔美国人和拉丁裔青年在少年监禁后重新进入期间感知到的邻里暴力与健康之间的关联。

方法

入狱后返回家中的青年（n = 50）在入狱后 1 个月完成了健康问卷。一部分参与者（n = 25 名青年）也参加了一对一的半结构化纵向访谈。

结果

28 名 (56%) 参与者在定量调查中报告了邻里暴力。定量分析显示，感知到的邻里暴力与报告的哮喘诊断、医生对医疗随访的建议、感知压力和不良童年经历 (ACE) 呈正相关。感知到的邻里暴力与感知到的家庭支持呈负相关。压力等级与 ACE 总分、中度至重度抑郁症状和家庭支持相关。中度至重度抑郁症状与较低的家庭支持评级显着相关。定性访谈补充了我们的定量调查结果，并表明对感知的反应邻里暴力与特定的健康相关行为有关，例如吸毒或避免帮派活动。

结论

总体而言，我们的定量和定性结果表明，感知到的邻里暴力与许多负面的社会心理因素有关，这些因素可能会影响重返青少年的整体健康和福祉。治疗影响包括开发和测试以家庭为中心的干预措施，以帮助改善重新进入社区的青少年的过渡，特别是他们获得循证治疗的机会，包括利用家庭远程医疗物质使用干预措施。