Abstract

Activated sludge is a widely applied wastewater treatment process that mainly uses suspended microbial flocs to remove pollutants in wastewater. With the characteristics of high biomass content and high microbial diversity, activated sludge plays an important role in pollutant removal and contains various functional microorganisms as a valuable pool of various useful microbial resources. However, the majority of microorganisms in activated sludge have not been isolated, which substantially limits the improvement of treatment efficiency and the innovation of process technology in wastewater engineering. As the basic biological methodology which can extremely expand the downstream studies for microorganisms, the cultivation of new species in activated sludge is urgently needed to fill the gaps between the cultured and uncultured microbial communities. The growing emphasis on cultivation in recent years has spawned the creation of many innovative and high-throughput cultivation techniques. In this review, we summarized the microorganism “wanted list” in activated sludge, reviewed the potential cultivation methods that could extend our understanding of activated sludge microbiota, and discussed the significance and perspectives for activated sludge microbiota cultivation.

摘要

活性污泥法是一种应用广泛的废水处理工艺，主要利用悬浮的微生物絮凝物去除废水中的污染物。活性污泥具有生物量高、微生物多样性高等特点，在污染物去除中起着重要作用，含有多种功能微生物，是各种有用微生物资源的宝贵宝库。然而，活性污泥中的大部分微生物并未被分离，这极大地限制了污水工程中处理效率的提高和工艺技术的创新。作为极度拓展微生物下游研究的基础生物学方法学，迫切需要在活性污泥中培养新物种，以填补培养和未培养微生物群落之间的空白。近年来对培养的日益重视催生了许多创新和高通量培养技术的创造。在这篇综述中，我们总结了活性污泥中的微生物“通缉名单”，回顾了可以扩展我们对活性污泥微生物群的理解的潜在培养方法，并讨论了活性污泥微生物群培养的意义和前景。