The ‘halal movement’ is an orientation predominantly mobilised by urban youth and by the emerging urban middle class in Tatarstan. It articulates a cosmopolitan, universal Islamic discourse, explicitly separates ethnicity and Muslimness, and stages religion as an ethical issue, tied neither to a nation nor to a theological doctrine.

中文翻译：

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少数民族穆斯林和鞑靼斯坦的“清真运动”

“清真运动”是一个主要由城市青年和鞑靼斯坦新兴城市中产阶级发动的方向。它阐述了一种世界性的、普遍的伊斯兰话语，明确地将种族和穆斯林分开，并将宗教作为一个伦理问题，既不与国家联系，也不与神学教义联系在一起。