ABSTRACT This paper presents the result of my research in Sweden and my view on the relationships between physical geography (here mainly geomorphology) and geology. I developed a method for identification and mapping denudation surfaces formed in the Precambrian basement. South Sweden turned out to be a key area with cover rocks of different age directly on the basement. The relief differences in the basement are connected to the different sedimentary covers with a flat and inclined sub-Cambrian surface and a hilly and inclined sub-Cretaceous surface. The crosscutting horizontal South Småland Plain was classified as a peneplain, as it is a surface graded to a distinct base level. Besides the basement forms and remnant cover rocks, saprolite remnants are important for the identification of denudation surfaces. The mapping method was ultimately labeled Stratigraphic Landscape Analysis (SLA) and used for conclusion on tectonics (uplift/subsidence and faulting). I obtained, as a physical geographer, a broad holistic knowledge on the relief differentiation of the basement rocks of Fennoscandia and on Swedish regional geology. This gave me the tool to identify denudation surfaces with the aid of the new digital elevation data and new geological knowledge of the surrounding continental shelf. The Swedish knowledge on the relationships between relief in the basement and its cover rocks is unique in the world. Maybe the relationship between denudation surfaces, cover rocks and tectonics ought to be a part of geology. Results of measurements, by different new techniques, are nowadays often analyzed based on hypotheses/theories. Observations of field conditions have become difficult to perform both within geology and geomorphology and seem to be considered as unscientific. Further, regional analysis, typical for geography, does not exist anymore.

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瑞典基岩的主要地貌——从自然地理学与地质学的关系来看

摘要 本文介绍了我在瑞典的研究成果以及我对自然地理学（这里主要是地貌学）与地质学之间关系的看法。我开发了一种识别和绘制在前寒武纪地下室形成的剥蚀表面的方法。瑞典南部原来是一个关键区域，地下室直接有不同年龄的覆盖岩。基底地势的差异与不同的沉积盖层有关，具有平坦倾斜的亚寒武纪表面和丘陵倾斜的亚白垩纪表面。横切的水平南斯莫兰平原被归类为准平原，因为它是一个分级为不同基础水平的表面。除了基底形态和残余覆盖岩外，腐泥质残余物对于识别剥蚀面也很重要。该制图方法最终被标记为地层景观分析 (SLA)，并用于对构造（隆起/沉降和断层）的结论。作为一名自然地理学家，我获得了关于 Fennoscandia 基底岩的地势分化和瑞典区域地质学的广泛的整体知识。这为我提供了借助新的数字高程数据和周围大陆架的新地质知识来识别剥蚀表面的工具。瑞典关于地下室地势与其覆盖岩之间关系的知识在世界上是独一无二的。也许剥蚀面、覆盖岩和构造之间的关系应该是地质学的一部分。如今，通过不同的新技术测量的结果通常基于假设/理论进行分析。在地质学和地貌学中，对野外条件的观察已经变得难以进行，并且似乎被认为是不科学的。此外，地理上典型的区域分析不再存在。