ABSTRACT Little information exists regarding the geomorphologic characteristics, spatial distribution and genesis and activity of rock glaciers in the Balkan Peninsula. A total of 224 rock glaciers were identified in four major mountainous regions (Dinaric Alps, Rila and Pirin, North Macedonia, Pindus and Parnassus), covering a total of 16.74 km2. Most of the rock glaciers are considered relict and have fronts between 1412 and 2645 m. In the Balkan Peninsula, rock glaciers are not uniformly distributed, but rather concentrate in several mountain ranges (e.g. Pirin, Rila, Prokletije and Śar). Climate, elevation, aspect and lithology are the key factors controlling rock glaciers’ distribution in the study area. The vast majority of the rock glaciers (73%) are concentrated in the northern quadrant. Statistical analysis revealed that the size of the rock glaciers can be explained to a certain degree by the characteristics of the contributing area (e.g. its extent and elevation range), climate, aspect, altitude and slope. In Pirin Mountains the density of the rock glaciers and the mean specific area are considerably higher than in the other mountain ranges. Based on palaeoclimate reconstructions and climatological records we infer that at least three generations of rock glaciers developed in the Balkan Peninsula. It is hypothesized that above the 0°C isotherm of mean annual air temperature in the Rila and Pirin Mountains, intact rock glaciers may survive to present-day climatic conditions.

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巴尔干半岛岩石冰川分布及特征

摘要 关于巴尔干半岛岩石冰川的地貌特征、空间分布以及成因和活动的信息很少。在四个主要山区（迪纳里克阿尔卑斯山、里拉和皮林、北马其顿、品杜斯和帕纳苏斯）共确定了 224 块岩石冰川，总面积 16.74 平方公里。大多数岩石冰川被认为是遗迹，其锋面在 1412 至 2645 m 之间。在巴尔干半岛，岩石冰川分布并不均匀，而是集中在几个山脉（例如皮林、里拉、普罗克莱蒂耶和萨尔）。气候、海拔、坡向和岩性是控制研究区岩石冰川分布的关键因素。绝大多数岩石冰川（73%）集中在北象限。统计分析表明，岩石冰川的大小在一定程度上可以通过成因区的特征（如其范围和海拔范围）、气候、坡向、海拔和坡度来解释。在皮林山脉，岩石冰川的密度和平均比面积明显高于其他山脉。根据古气候重建和气候学记录，我们推断巴尔干半岛至少发育了三代岩石冰川。据推测，在里拉和皮林山脉年平均气温的 0°C 等温线以上，完整的岩石冰川可能会在当今的气候条件下存活下来。高度和坡度。在皮林山脉，岩石冰川的密度和平均比面积明显高于其他山脉。根据古气候重建和气候学记录，我们推断巴尔干半岛至少发育了三代岩石冰川。据推测，在里拉和皮林山脉年平均气温的 0°C 等温线以上，完整的岩石冰川可能会在当今的气候条件下存活下来。高度和坡度。在皮林山脉，岩石冰川的密度和平均比面积明显高于其他山脉。根据古气候重建和气候学记录，我们推断巴尔干半岛至少发育了三代岩石冰川。据推测，在里拉和皮林山脉年平均气温的 0°C 等温线以上，完整的岩石冰川可能会在当今的气候条件下存活下来。