Purpose: This systematic review investigates the methodological and ethical implications of using remote data collection tools to measure sexual/reproductive health (SRH) and gender-based violence (GBV) outcomes among women and girls in humanitarian and fragile settings. Methods: We included empirical studies of all design types that collected any self-reported primary data related to SRH/GBV using information and communication technology, in the absence of in-person interactions, from women and girls in humanitarian and fragile settings. The search was run in March 2021 without filters or limits in Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Scopus. Quality was assessed using an adapted version of the MMAT tool. Two reviewers independently determined whether each full text source met the eligibility criteria, and conflicts were resolved through consensus. A-priori extraction fields concerned methodological rigor and ethical considerations. Results: 21 total studies were included. The majority of studies were quantitative descriptive, aiming to ascertain prevalence. Telephone interviews, online surveys, and mobile applications, SMS surveys, and online discussion forums were used as remote data collection tools. Key methodological considerations included the overuse of non-probability samples, lack of a defined sampling frame, the introduction of bias by making eligibility contingent on owning/accessing technology, and the lack of qualitative probing. Ethical consideration pertained to including persons with low literacy, participant safety, use of referral services, and the gender digital divide. Conclusion: Findings are intended to guide SRH/GBV researchers and academics in critically assessing methodological and ethical implications of using remote data collection tools to measure SRH and GBV in humanitarian and fragile settings.

中文翻译：

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使用远程数据收集工具衡量人道主义和脆弱环境中妇女和女童的性健康和生殖健康以及基于性别的暴力结果的方法和伦理影响：同行评审研究的混合方法系统审查。

目的：本系统综述调查了使用远程数据收集工具衡量人道主义和脆弱环境中妇女和女童的性/生殖健康 (SRH) 和性别暴力 (GBV) 结果的方法和伦理影响。方法：我们纳入了所有设计类型的实证研究，这些设计类型在没有面对面互动的情况下，使用信息和通信技术从人道主义和脆弱环境中的妇女和女童收集了与性健康和生殖健康/性别暴力相关的任何自我报告的主要数据。该检索于 2021 年 3 月在 Ovid Medline、Embase、Web of Science、ClinicalTrials.gov 和 Scopus 上进行，没有任何过滤或限制。使用 MMAT 工具的改编版本来评估质量。两名审稿人独立确定每个全文来源是否符合资格标准，并通过协商一致解决冲突。先验提取领域涉及方法的严谨性和伦理考虑。结果：总共纳入 21 项研究。大多数研究都是定量描述性的，旨在确定患病率。使用电话访谈、在线调查、移动应用程序、短信调查和在线论坛作为远程数据收集工具。关键的方法论考虑因素包括过度使用非概率样本、缺乏明确的抽样框架、根据拥有/获取技术而确定资格而引入偏差，以及缺乏定性探索。道德考虑涉及识字率低的人、参与者的安全、转介服务的使用以及性别数字鸿沟。结论：研究结果旨在指导性健康和生殖健康/性别暴力研究人员和学者批判性评估使用远程数据收集工具测量人道主义和脆弱环境中性健康和生殖健康和性别暴力的方法和伦理影响。