Unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is an alternative curative option for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who need allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) but lack an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor. However, large-scale data are lacking on CBT outcomes for unselected adult AML. To investigate the trends of survival and engraftment after CBT over the past 22 years, we retrospectively evaluated the data of patients with AML in Japan according to the time period of CBT (1998–2007 vs 2008–2013 vs 2014–2019). A total of 5504 patients who received single-unit CBT as first allogeneic HCT for AML were included. Overall survival (OS) at 2 years significantly improved over time. The improved OS among patients in ≥ complete remission (CR)3 and active disease at CBT was mainly due to a reduction of relapse-related mortality, whereas among patients in first or second CR at CBT, this was due mainly to a reduction of non-relapse mortality. The trends of neutrophil engraftment also improved over time. This experience demonstrated that the survival and engraftment rate after CBT for this group has improved over the past 22 years.

对于需要异基因造血细胞移植 (HCT) 但缺乏 HLA 匹配的相关或无关供体的成人急性髓性白血病 (AML) 患者，无关脐带血移植 (CBT) 是一种替代治疗选择。然而，缺乏关于未选择成人 AML 的 CBT 结果的大规模数据。为了调查过去 22 年 CBT 后生存和植入的趋势，我们根据 CBT 的时间段（1998-2007 vs 2008-2013 vs 2014-2019）回顾性评估了日本 AML 患者的数据。共纳入 5504 名接受单单位 CBT 作为 AML 的首次同种异体 HCT 的患者。随着时间的推移，2 年的总生存期 (OS) 显着提高。≥ 完全缓解 (CR)3 和 CBT 活动性疾病患者的 OS 改善主要是由于复发相关死亡率的降低，而在 CBT 时第一次或第二次 CR 的患者中，这主要是由于非- 复发死亡率。中性粒细胞植入的趋势也随着时间的推移而改善。这一经验表明，在过去 22 年中，该组 CBT 后的存活率和植入率有所提高。