Nowadays, the new tendency for a high-density plantings system for almond requires smaller and more efficient canopies. In this way, appropriate scion-rootstock combination is an important factor in adapting to local conditions and specific training systems. This investigation was dedicated to identify the most suitable scion-rootstock combination for high-density planting of almond under warm Mediterranean conditions. Four almond cultivars ‘Lauranne’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Guara’ and ‘Belona’ budded on two Prunus rootstocks ‘Garnem’ and ‘Rootpac-40′ (R40) and planted at 2m×4m spacing were followed for five successive years. Measurements focused on physiological parameters and the mineral foliar analysis. As a result, strong variability between the scion-rootstock combinations of almond was observed. For all surveyed parameters, significant effects of rootstock, cultivar, and year and their interactions were recorded. Less tree vigor was induced by ‘R40’ with similar medium tree vigor obtained with ‘Lauranne’, ‘Tuono’, and ‘Belona’ cultivars, whereas ‘Guara’ performed the lowest vigor. A significant yearly difference in vigor level could be related to local conditions and crop yield with negative impact during warm and drought year. For physiological parameters, SPAD and quantum yield Fv/Fm values were significantly affected by the scion-rootstock combinations and the monitoring year. ‘Belona’ and ‘Tuono’ performed high SPAD and Fv/Fm values on ‘Garnem’ and ‘Lauranne’ and ‘Guara’ showed the high SPAD and Fv/Fm values on ‘R40’. Mineral tree status revealed differences in leaf macronutrient and micronutrient content for almond cultivars on Prunus rootstocks. Optimal macro elements contents ​​were detected for ‘Guara’ and ‘Lauranne’ on ‘R40’. However, variable microelements contents were observed within different combinations. DOP analysis demonstrated low values on ‘R40’ with the best-balanced and highest imbalanced nutritional status (average ∑DOP index) performed by ‘Lauranne’/‘R40’ and ‘Belona’/‘R40’, respectively. In conclusion, less vigorous rootstock ‘R40’ seems to perform well in high-density planting almond orchards in a warm area. Their best performances were associated with ‘Guara’, ‘Lauranne’ and ‘Tuono’. These scion-rootstock combinations inducing size-controlling effect could be considered to implement a new high-density planting system for almond in a warm area.

如今，杏仁高密度种植系统的新趋势需要更小、更高效的树冠。这样，适当的接穗砧木组合是因地制宜和具体培养体系的重要因素。这项调查致力于确定最适合在温暖的地中海条件下高密度种植杏仁的接穗-砧木组合。四个杏仁品种“Lauranne”、“Tuono”、“Guara”和“Belona”在两个Prunus上发芽连续五年种植砧木'Garnem'和'Rootpac-40'（R40）并以2m×4m的间距种植。测量集中在生理参数和矿物叶面分析。结果，观察到杏仁接穗-砧木组合之间的强烈变异性。对于所有调查参数，记录了砧木、栽培品种和年份及其相互作用的显着影响。'R40' 诱导的树势较低，而'Lauranne'、'Tuono' 和'Belona' 品种获得的中等树势相似，而'Guara' 的树势最低。活力水平的显着年度差异可能与当地条件和作物产量有关，在温暖和干旱年份具有负面影响。对于生理参数，SPAD和量子产量Fv/Fm值受接穗-砧木组合和监测年份的显着影响。“Belona”和“Tuono”在“Garnem”上的 SPAD 和 Fv/Fm 值较高，“Lauranne”和“Guara”在“R40”上的 SPAD 和 Fv/Fm 值较高。矿物树状态揭示了杏仁品种叶片常量营养素和微量营养素含量的差异李属砧木。在“R40”上检测到“Guara”和“Lauranne”的最佳宏元素含量。然而，在不同的组合中观察到不同的微量元素含量。DOP 分析表明，“R40”的值较低，而“Lauranne”/“R40”和“Belona”/“R40”分别执行的最佳平衡和最高不平衡营养状态（平均 ∑DOP 指数）。总之，不太旺盛的砧木'R40'似乎在温暖地区的高密度种植杏仁园中表现良好。他们的最佳表演与“Guara”、“Lauranne”和“Tuono”有关。这些接穗-砧木组合引起的尺寸控制效应可以考虑在温暖地区实施一种新的杏仁高密度种植系统。