Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a serious and persistent global issue affecting up to 5% of the child and youth population worldwide; yet there is no universally accepted definition. To develop a theoretically robust definition of CSE, this review systematically synthesized literature examining CSE definitions aiming to develop a conceptual model and typology. Electronic databases were searched to February 2021, yielding 384 nonduplicative records. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed and grey literature investigations of sexual exploitation, with a mean sample age of 18 years or younger, available in the English language. Literature review and data extraction followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty-six studies met final inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data and used an epistemological approach to thematically analyse meaning and patterns across CSE definitions. Key findings demonstrate that CSE nomenclature is widely inconsistent, and despite growing awareness of this severe form of abuse, language continues to perpetuate stigma and criminalisation, utilising terms such as 'adolescent or child prostitute'. Our findings propose a scientifically and trauma-informed definition and conceptualisation of CSE, based on the following four-dimensional components: (1) A child/young person; (2) sexual acts; (3) abuse; and (4) exploitation (abuse + exchange). In this systematic review, a unified definition and conceptual model aims to advance knowledge and understanding of CSE, contributing to the progression of social norms which embrace nuances of trauma-informed practice and support for the identification and recovery of children, young people and families affected by sexual exploitation.

中文翻译：

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对儿童性剥削的全球定义和理解：概念模型的发展。

儿童性剥削 (CSE) 是一个严重且持续存在的全球性问题，影响着全球多达 5% 的儿童和青少年；但尚无普遍接受的定义。为了制定理论上可靠的 CSE 定义，本综述系统地综合了研究 CSE 定义的文献，旨在开发概念模型和类型学。截至 2021 年 2 月，电子数据库已检索出 384 条非重复记录。纳入标准是关于性剥削的同行评审和灰色文献调查，平均样本年龄为 18 岁或以下，有英文版本。文献综述和数据提取遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 指南。六十六项研究符合最终纳入标准。两位独立审稿人提取了相关数据，并使用认识论方法对 CSE 定义的含义和模式进行了主题分析。主要调查结果表明，全面性教育的术语广泛不一致，尽管人们越来越认识到这种严重的虐待形式，但语言继续使用“青少年或儿童妓女”等术语，使耻辱和刑事定罪永久化。我们的研究结果提出了基于以下四个维度的 CSE 的科学且基于创伤的定义和概念化：（1）儿童/青少年；(2) 性行为；(3) 滥用；(4) 剥削（滥用+交换）。在本次系统综述中，统一的定义和概念模型旨在增进对全面性教育的认识和理解，促进社会规范的发展，其中包括创伤知情实践的细微差别，并支持受影响儿童、青少年和家庭的识别和康复通过性剥削。