Abstract This study is centred on the pre-emptive dimension of interactional exchanges. Dialogues are not merely characterised by information transmission, they are also constantly informed by pre-emptive attempts to address potential reactions to what is being said. We argue that pre-emptive interaction intersects with intersubjectivity (i.a. Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2003. From subjectification to intersubjectification. In R. Hickey (ed.), Motives for language change, 124–139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Schwenter, Scott A. & Richard Waltereit. 2010. Presupposition accommodation and language change. In K. Davidse & L. Vandelanotte (eds.), Subjectification, intersubjectification and grammaticalization, 75–102. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton; Tantucci, Vittorio. 2017a. From immediate to extended intersubjectification: A gradient approach to intersubjective awareness and semasiological change. Language and Cognition 9(1). 88–120; Tantucci, Vittorio. 2020. From co-actionality to extended intersubjectivity: Drawing on language change and ontogenetic development. Applied Linguistics 41(2). 185–214) and constitutes an important trigger of semantic-pragmatic reanalysis and constructional change. We provide a corpus-based study centred on the change of the [there is no NP] construction in Early Modern English dialogic interaction. During 16th century, the chunk is originally used in assertions, however it then progressively acquires a new function of pre-emptive refusal. Something similar is at stake throughout the child’s ontogeny. We provide corpus-based data from the CHILDES database of first language acquisition to show that children’s ability to use [there is no NP] to address potential reactions to what is being said occurs only around the fourth year of age, that is when a Theory of Mind (ToM) starts to become fully developed (i.a. Apperly, Ian. 2010. Mindreaders: The cognitive basis of theory of mind. New York: Psychology Press; Wellman, Henry M. 2014. Making minds: How theory of mind develops. Oxford: Oxford University Press). Pre-emptive interaction correlates diachronically and ontogentically with ToM and underpins a projected turn taking of a specific or generic interlocutor as a result of what is being currently said.

中文翻译：

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语言变化和个体发育中的先发制人交互：[没有NP]的情况

摘要 本研究的中心是互动交流的先发制人维度。对话不仅以信息传递为特征，而且还不断地通过先发制人的尝试来解决对所说内容的潜在反应。我们认为，先发制人的互动与主体间性相交（ia Traugott, Elizabeth C. 2003. From subjectification to intersubjectification. In R. Hickey (ed.), Motives for language change, 124–139​​. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Schwenter, Scott A. 和 Richard Waltereit. 2010. 预设适应和语言变化. In K. Davidse & L. Vandelanotte (eds.), Subjectification, intersubjectification and grammaticalization, 75–102. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton; Tantucci, Vittorio. 2017a.从直接到扩展的主体间化：主体间意识和语义学变化的梯度方法。语言和认知 9(1)。88–120；坦图奇，维托里奥。2020.从共同行动到扩展的主体间性：利用语言变化和个体发育发展。应用语言学 41(2)。185-214）并构成语义-语用再分析和结构变化的重要触发因素。我们针对早期现代英语对话互动中[there is no NP]结构的变化进行了基于语料库的研究。在 16 世纪，块最初用于断言，但随后逐渐获得了先发制人拒绝的新功能。在整个孩子的个体发育过程中，类似的东西都处于危险之中。我们提供来自 CHILDES 第一语言习得数据库的基于语料库的数据，以表明儿童使用 [没有 NP] 来解决对所说内容的潜在反应的能力仅在四岁左右发生，即当理论of Mind (ToM) 开始得到充分发展（ia Apperly, Ian. 2010。Mindreaders：心理理论的认知基础。纽约：心理学出版社；Wellman, Henry M. 2014。Making minds：心理理论如何发展。牛津：牛津大学出版社）。先发制人的互动与 ToM 在历时和个体上相关联，并支持由于当前所说的内容而导致特定或通用对话者的预期转变。那是心智理论 (ToM) 开始得到充分发展的时候（ia Apperly, Ian. 2010. Mindreaders：心智理论的认知基础。纽约：心理学出版社；Wellman, Henry M. 2014. Making minds: How心智理论的发展。牛津：牛津大学出版社）。先发制人的互动与 ToM 在历时和个体上相关联，并支持由于当前所说的内容而导致特定或通用对话者的预期转变。那是心智理论 (ToM) 开始得到充分发展的时候（ia Apperly, Ian. 2010. Mindreaders：心智理论的认知基础。纽约：心理学出版社；Wellman, Henry M. 2014. Making minds: How心智理论的发展。牛津：牛津大学出版社）。先发制人的互动与 ToM 在历时和个体上相关联，并支持由于当前所说的内容而导致特定或通用对话者的预期转变。