The situation of sustained contact between Spanish and English in Miami during the past half century provides a rare opportunity to study contact-induced language change in an ecological context in which speakers of the immigrant language (i.e., Spanish) have become the numerical majority. The study reported here is designed to track the phonetic and prosodic influences of Spanish on the variety of English emerging among second-generation Miami-born Latinx speakers of various national origin backgrounds by examining a suite of variables shown in prior studies to exhibit Spanish substrate influence in other regional contexts. We examine two kinds of phonetic variables in the English spoken by 20 second-generation Latinx and 5 Anglo white speakers: (1) prosodic rhythm and (2) vowel quality. Prosodic rhythm was quantified using Low and Grabe’s Pairwise Variability Index (nPVI); results show that Miami-born Latinx speakers are significantly more syllable-timed in casual speech than Miami-born Anglo white speakers. Significant vocalic differences were also observed, with Latinx speakers producing lower and more backed tokens of [æ] in prenasal and nonprenasal positions and more backed tokens of [u].

中文翻译：

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通过语言接触形成新的方言

在过去的半个世纪里，迈阿密西班牙语和英语之间持续接触的情况为研究在生态环境中接触引起的语言变化提供了难得的机会，在这个环境中，移民语言（即西班牙语）的使用者已成为数量上的大多数。此处报告的研究旨在通过检查先前研究中显示的一组变量来展示西班牙语对不同国籍背景的第二代迈阿密出生的拉丁裔使用者中出现的英语多样性的语音和韵律影响在其他区域背景下。我们检查了 20 名第二代拉丁裔和 5 名英裔白人说的英语中的两种语音变量：（1）韵律节奏和（2）元音质量。韵律节奏使用 Low 和 Grabe 的成对变异指数 (nPVI) 进行量化；结果表明，迈阿密出生的拉丁裔演讲者在随意演讲中的音节时间明显高于迈阿密出生的英裔白人演讲者。还观察到显着的声音差异，拉丁语使用者在鼻前和非鼻前位置产生较低和更多支持的 [æ] 标记以及更多支持的 [u] 标记。