Maternal exposure to PM2.5/BC during pregnancy predisposes children to allergic rhinitis which varies by regions and exclusive breastfeeding,Environment International

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Maternal exposure to PM2.5/BC during pregnancy predisposes children to allergic rhinitis which varies by regions and exclusive breastfeeding
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107315
Tianyi Chen ₁ , Dan Norback ₂ , Qihong Deng ₃ , Chen Huang ₄ , Hua Qian ₅ , Xin Zhang ₆ , Yuexia Sun ₇ , Tingting Wang ₈ , Yinping Zhang ₉ , Baizhan Li ₁₀ , Haidong Kan ₁₁ , Lan Wei ₁ , Cong Liu ₁ , Yanyi Xu ₁₁ , Zhuohui Zhao ₁₁

Affiliation

Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden.
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
School of Nursing & Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.

Background

Increasing prevalence of childhood allergic rhinitis(AR) needs a deeper understanding on the potential adverse effects of early life exposure to air pollution.

Objectives

The main aim was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to PM_2.5 and chemical constituents during pregnancy on preschool children’s AR, and further to explore the modification effects of regions and exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods

A multi-center population-based study was performed in 6 cities from 3 regions of China in 2011–2012. Maternal exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and main chemical constituents(BC, OM, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺) during pregnancy was assessed and a longitudinal prospective analysis was applied on preschool children’s AR. The modification effects of regions and exclusive breastfeeding were investigated.

Results

A total of 8.8% and 9.8% of children reported doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis(DDAR) and current hay fever, respectively, and 48.6% had less than 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. The means of PM_2.5 during pregnancy were 52.7 μg/m³, 70.3 μg/m³ and 76.4 μg/m³ in the east, north and central south of China, respectively. Multilevel log-binomial model regression showed that each interquartile range(IQR) increase of PM_2.5 during pregnancy was associated with an average increase in prevalence ratio (PR) of DDAR by 1.43(95% confidence interval(CI): 1.11, 1.84) and current hay fever by 1.79(95% CI: 1.26, 2.55), respectively. Among chemical constituents, black carbon (BC) had the strongest associations. Across 3 regions, the eastern cities had the highest associations, followed by those in the central south and the north. For those equal to or longer than 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, the associations were significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Children in east of China had the highest risks of developing AR per unit increase of maternal exposure to PM_2.5 during pregnancy, especially BC constituent. Remarkable decline was found in association with an increase in breastfeeding for ≥6 months, in particular in east of China.

更新日期：2022-05-26

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