Over the past decade, the development of next-generation sequencing for human microbiota has led to remarkable discoveries. The characterization of gastric microbiota has enabled the examination of genera associated with several diseases, including gastritis, precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well known to cause gastric dysbiosis by reducing diversity, because this bacterium is the predominant bacterium. However, as the diseases developed into more severe stages, such as atrophic gastritis, premalignant lesion, and gastric adenocarcinoma, the dominance of H. pylori began to be displaced by other bacteria, including Streptococcus, Prevotella, Achromobacter, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Moreover, a massive reduction in H. pylori in cancer sites was observed as compared with noncancer tissue in the same individual. In addition, several cases of H. pylori-negative gastritis were found. Among these individuals, there was an enrichment of Paludibacter, Dialister, Streptococcus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Treponema. These remarkable findings suggest the major role of gastric microbiota in the development of gastroduodenal diseases and led us to the hypothesis that H. pylori might not be the only gastric pathogen. The gastric microbiota point of view of disease development should lead to a more comprehensive consideration of this relationship.

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非幽门螺杆菌在胃十二指肠疾病发病机制中的作用

在过去的十年中，人类微生物群的下一代测序的发展带来了显着的发现。胃微生物群的特征使得能够检查与多种疾病相关的属，包括胃炎、癌前病变和胃癌。众所周知，幽门螺杆菌 (H. pylori) 通过降低多样性导致胃生态失调，因为这种细菌是主要细菌。然而，随着疾病发展到更严重的阶段，如萎缩性胃炎、癌前病变和胃腺癌，幽门螺杆菌的优势开始被其他细菌取代，包括链球菌、普氏菌、无色杆菌、柠檬酸杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、红球菌、乳酸杆菌和叶状杆菌。此外，H. 与同一个体的非癌组织相比，在癌症部位观察到幽门螺杆菌。此外，还发现了几例幽门螺杆菌阴性胃炎。在这些个体中，富集了Paludibacter、Dialister、Streptococcus、Haemophilus parainfluenzae和Treponema。这些显着的发现表明胃微生物群在胃十二指肠疾病发展中的主要作用，并导致我们假设幽门螺杆菌可能不是唯一的胃病原体。胃微生物群对疾病发展的观点应该导致对这种关系进行更全面的考虑。副流感嗜血杆菌和密螺旋体。这些显着的发现表明胃微生物群在胃十二指肠疾病发展中的主要作用，并导致我们假设幽门螺杆菌可能不是唯一的胃病原体。胃微生物群对疾病发展的观点应该导致对这种关系进行更全面的考虑。副流感嗜血杆菌和密螺旋体。这些显着的发现表明胃微生物群在胃十二指肠疾病发展中的主要作用，并导致我们假设幽门螺杆菌可能不是唯一的胃病原体。胃微生物群对疾病发展的观点应该导致对这种关系进行更全面的考虑。