The current paper evaluates the response of a tunnel subjected to strike-slip fault rupture with experimental and numerical approaches. Some state-of-art techniques were adopted in the analysis. A new formula containing sodium silicate was used for the similar material. Endoscope technique was used in the model test to log the crack propagating inside the tunnel. And hybrid discrete–continuous modeling was introduced to perform a sophisticated numerical investigation. Two small-scale model tests were carried out, in which the interaction of the tunnel with the fault rupture, the deformation pattern, and the strain evolution and crack propagation in the tunnel liner were observed. The model tests indicate that the failure of the tunnel mainly resulted by the faulting-induced circular cracks concentrated in the vicinity of the shear zone and longitudinal cracks at the passive side portion. Then, the hybrid DEM-FDM model was constructed and calibrated based on the experimental data, with which the response and mechanism of the tunnel subjected to strike-slip fault rupture were numerically investigated to identify the influences of some important factors. The longitudinal and transverse deformation profiles of the tunnel were found to be dominated by the rock mass condition and the buried depth of the tunnel. And the tunnel’s design factors have significant effects on the stress and failure mode of the liner. For a soft or thin tunnel liner, the failure zones were more concentrated. The tunnel would fail in a ‘shear’ mode. In contrast, for a hard or thick liner, the magnitude of the tensile strain is less, yet the tension failure area is larger. The tunnel would fail in a ‘squeeze’ mode. Based on the obtained results, suggestions on the design of tunnel liner against the strike-slip fault rupture were proposed.

本文通过实验和数值方法评估了隧道遭受走滑断层破裂的响应。分析中采用了一些最先进的技术。含有硅酸钠的新配方用于类似材料。模型试验采用内窥镜技术记录隧道内的裂纹扩展。并引入了混合离散-连续建模来进行复杂的数值研究。进行了两次小规模模型试验，观察了隧道与断层破裂的相互作用、变形模式以及隧道衬砌的应变演化和裂纹扩展。模型试验表明，隧道的破坏主要由集中在剪切带附近的断层诱发的圆形裂缝和被动侧部分的纵向裂缝引起。然后，基于实验数据构建并标定了混合DEM-FDM模型，对隧道走滑断层破裂的响应和机理进行了数值研究，以确定一些重要因素的影响。发现隧道的纵向和横向变形剖面主要受岩体条件和隧道埋深的影响。隧道的设计因素对衬管的应力和破坏模式有显着影响。对于软或薄的隧道衬砌，破坏区更加集中。隧道将在“剪切”模式下失败。相反，对于较硬或较厚的衬里，拉伸应变的幅度较小，但拉伸破坏区域较大。隧道将在“挤压”模式下失败。在此基础上，提出了抗走滑断层破裂隧道衬砌的设计建议。