Nutrient enrichment in lakes due to municipal wastewater discharge and agricultural run-off leads to excessive growth of algae and aquatic macrophytes leading to their altered trophic states. This paper presents the effect of wastewater-induced nutrient enrichment on the anatomical changes and elemental profiling in three common aquatic macrophytes of freshwater lakes in India’s Central Gangetic Plain. It is observed that with increase in trophic state, biomineral depositions are seen in the leaf anatomy of aquatic macrophytes. Elemental variations in free-floating (Eichhornia crassipes), submerged (Hydrilla verticillata) and emergent (Typha latifolia) macrophytes collected from three different lakes with different catchment characteristics and trophic state using EDS (Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) spectra show that with increasing trophic state, elemental constituent in the aquatic macrophytes also increases. The rhizome of Eichhornia crassipes showed the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images and EDS analysis. Among macrophytes, floating and submerged macrophytes show a greater number of elemental constituents as compared to the emergent macrophytes. The findings of this study show that the anatomical and elemental responses of macrophytes are dependent both on the water quality and trophic state of the lakes. In-situ responses of macrophytes are based on their tolerance level against the pollution load and environmental changes. This study has important implications for understanding the response mechanism of macrophytes with changing water quality and increasing trophic state, which may help in proper management of freshwater ecosystem.

城市废水排放和农业径流导致湖泊中的养分富集导致藻类和水生大型植物过度生长，导致它们的营养状态发生变化。本文介绍了废水引起的养分富集对印度中恒河平原淡水湖三种常见水生植物的解剖学变化和元素分布的影响。据观察，随着营养状态的增加，在水生植物的叶片解剖结构中可以看到生物矿物质沉积。自由漂浮 ( Eichhornia crassipes )、水下 ( Hydrilla verticillata ) 和浮水 ( Typha latifolia )的元素变化) 使用 EDS（能量色散 X 射线光谱）光谱从三个具有不同集水特征和营养状态的不同湖泊收集的大型植物表明，随着营养状态的增加，水生大型植物中的元素成分也增加。凤眼莲根茎在 SEM（扫描电子显微镜）图像和 EDS 分析中显示了草酸钙晶体的形成。在大型植物中，与涌现的大型植物相比，漂浮和沉水的大型植物显示出更多的元素成分。这项研究的结果表明，大型植物的解剖和元素反应取决于湖泊的水质和营养状态。大型植物的原位响应是基于它们对污染负荷和环境变化的耐受水平。该研究对了解大型植物对水质变化和营养状态增加的响应机制具有重要意义，有助于淡水生态系统的适当管理。