Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. However, more than half of all incidence and mortality are caused by risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol consumption, inactivity, and excess weight, and thus can be protected. CRC morbidity and mortality can also be reduced by proper screening and monitoring. Over the last few years the amalgamation of nanotechnology with healthcare system has brought about the potential to administer the delivery of certain therapeutic drugs to cancer cells without affecting normal tissues. Recent strategies combine the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the overall performance of cancer nanomedicines. Targeted cancer nanotherapeutics provides many more opportunities for the selective detection of toxic chemicals within cancer cells. The distinctive features of nanoparticles, such as their small size, large surface to volume ratio, and the ability of nanoparticles to achieve several interactions of ligands at surface, offer great benefits of nanomedicines to treat various types of cancers. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis and discusses various key concepts in the development of nanotherapeutics targeted for CRC treatment.

中文翻译：

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结直肠癌药物输送中的设备

结直肠癌 (CRC) 是美国癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。然而，超过一半的发病率和死亡率是由吸烟、不健康饮食、过量饮酒、缺乏运动和超重等危险因素引起的，因此可以得到保护。通过适当的筛查和监测也可以降低 CRC 的发病率和死亡率。在过去几年中，纳米技术与医疗保健系统的融合带来了在不影响正常组织的情况下向癌细胞输送某些治疗药物的潜力。最近的策略结合了诊断和治疗方法，以提高癌症纳米药物的整体性能。靶向癌症纳米疗法为选择性检测癌细胞内的有毒化学物质提供了更多机会。纳米粒子的独特特征，例如它们的小尺寸、大表面积与体积比，以及纳米粒子在表面实现多种配体相互作用的能力，为纳米药物治疗各种类型的癌症提供了巨大的好处。这篇综述重点介绍了结直肠癌发生的分子机制，并讨论了针对 CRC 治疗的纳米治疗药物开发中的各种关键概念。