Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are attracting considerable attention around the world. Phosphor materials, as crucial color-converted components, play central roles in LED development. The demands for phosphor materials have become increasingly stringent over the past decades, from high brightness to narrowband emission or function-dependent spectrum engineering. Although substantial progress has been made for currently developed phosphor materials, simultaneously satisfying all requirements for high-level applications remains challenging. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of phosphor materials in different generations and to elucidate the key designed mechanisms concerning the activators and the host structures to fulfill the aforementioned aspects. We highlight the developments in phosphor materials through the classification of demands for high luminescence, high thermal stability, narrowband emission for high color gamut, and broadband emission for near-infrared. We also focus on elucidating the key designed mechanisms of phosphor materials in different generations. Furthermore, future perspectives about micro-LED applications and nanoluminescent materials are provided. This study opens up an avenue for designing the luminescent materials of the future.

中文翻译：

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磷材料的进化代及其在发光二极管未来应用中的进展

发光二极管 (LED) 在世界范围内引起了相当大的关注。荧光粉材料作为关键的颜色转换组件，在 LED 开发中发挥着核心作用。在过去的几十年里，对荧光粉材料的要求变得越来越严格，从高亮度到窄带发射或功能相关的光谱工程。尽管目前开发的荧光粉材料已经取得了实质性进展，但同时满足高级应用的所有要求仍然具有挑战性。在这篇综述中，我们的目标是全面了解不同世代的荧光粉材料的发展，并阐明与激活剂和主体结构有关的关键设计机制，以实现上述方面。我们通过对高发光度、高热稳定性、高色域窄带发射和近红外宽带发射的需求分类来突出荧光粉材料的发展。我们还专注于阐明不同代荧光粉材料的关键设计机制。此外，还提供了有关 micro-LED 应用和纳米发光材料的未来展望。这项研究为设计未来的发光材料开辟了一条途径。提供了有关 micro-LED 应用和纳米发光材料的未来前景。这项研究为设计未来的发光材料开辟了一条途径。提供了有关 micro-LED 应用和纳米发光材料的未来前景。这项研究为设计未来的发光材料开辟了一条途径。