During World War II, France faced a housing crisis with over 1.2 million dwellings destroyed or damaged. In addition to the destruction, the German occupiers requisitioned thousands of accommodations including some 6–7,000 locales in Paris. Anti-Jewish persecution forced thousands of Jews from their homes and the average non-Jewish French resident, facing their own housing issues, benefited from the availability of these vacated homes. Paris was the largest city in Europe under German occupation during the war and was home to the largest Jewish community in occupied Western Europe, but perhaps due to its size, we know relatively little about the daily interactions that centered on housing concerns. This article examines the strategies used to solve the housing crisis in France and demonstrates the ways in which housing and Jewish persecution were increasingly intertwined. With a particular focus on Paris, this article argues that a wide variety of individuals actively participated in exclusionary measures to improve their own housing situation. This challenges the view that the non-Jewish population ‘protected’ 75% of the Jews in France from deportation and death. It reveals, rather, the centrality of housing concerns in facilitating the Holocaust and the complicity of individuals in the exclusion of Jews for economic, ideological, and geographic reasons.

中文翻译：

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作为排斥场所的家：法国的纳粹占领、住房短缺和大屠杀

二战期间，法国面临住房危机，超过 120 万套住房被毁或损坏。除了破坏之外，德国占领者还征用了数千处住宿，包括巴黎的大约 6-7,000 个地方。反犹太人的迫害迫使成千上万的犹太人离开他们的家园，而面临自己住房问题的普通非犹太法国居民从这些空置房屋的可用性中受益。巴黎是战争期间德国占领下的欧洲最大城市，也是被占领的西欧最大的犹太社区的所在地，但也许由于它的规模，我们对以住房问题为中心的日常互动知之甚少。本文考察了用于解决法国住房危机的策略，并展示了住房和犹太人迫害日益交织在一起的方式。本文特别关注巴黎，认为各种各样的个人积极参与了排他性措施以改善他们自己的住房状况。这挑战了非犹太人口“保护”了法国 75% 的犹太人免遭驱逐和死亡的观点。相反，它揭示了住房问题在助长大屠杀中的核心地位，以及个人出于经济、意识形态和地理原因将犹太人排除在外的同谋。本文认为，各种各样的个人积极参与了排他性措施，以改善他们自己的住房状况。这挑战了非犹太人口“保护”了法国 75% 的犹太人免遭驱逐和死亡的观点。相反，它揭示了住房问题在助长大屠杀中的核心地位，以及个人出于经济、意识形态和地理原因将犹太人排除在外的同谋。本文认为，各种各样的个人积极参与了排他性措施，以改善他们自己的住房状况。这挑战了非犹太人口“保护”了法国 75% 的犹太人免遭驱逐和死亡的观点。相反，它揭示了住房问题在助长大屠杀中的核心地位，以及个人出于经济、意识形态和地理原因将犹太人排除在外的同谋。