This study examined racial and ethnic differences in adolescents’ fear of attack or harm at school after adjusting for differences in violent victimization prevalence. We analyzed 49,782 surveys from 35,588 adolescents who participated in the NCVS School Crime Supplement (1999-2017). We tested whether differences in fear are attributable to youths’ (1) experiences with non-criminal harms, (2) indirect exposure to crime and violence at their school, or (3) school security and disciplinary practices. We then examined trends in fear and victimization by race/ethnicity over a period of crime decline to determine how fear has changed relative to victimization across the racial/ethnic groups. In the pooled sample, Black and Hispanic youth had 93% and 74% higher odds than White youth of expressing fear at school, after adjusting for violent victimization and demographic characteristics. After accounting for non-criminal harms, exposure to crime and violence, and school security/discipline, Black and Hispanic youth had only 39% and 44% higher odds than White youth of expressing fear, respectively. Mediation analyses indicated that the explanatory variables explained half (50.2%) and one third (33.7%) of the difference in the odds of fear between Black and Hispanic youth compared to White youth. Analyses over time indicated that fear declined more for Black and Hispanic youth than White youth, despite similarly-sized declines in victimization across race/ethnicity. Altogether, the results suggest that racial and ethnic differences in fear of criminal victimization partly reflect differential experiences and environments at school. We consider the implications of our findings in terms of understanding how the school context influences fear differently across students’ racial and ethnic identities.

中文翻译：

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学校恐惧-受害差距中的种族和民族差异：对学校环境和趋势的考察

这项研究在调整了暴力受害流行率的差异后，调查了青少年害怕在学校受到攻击或伤害的种族和民族差异。我们分析了来自 35,588 名参与 NCVS 学校犯罪补充资料 (1999-2017) 的青少年的 49,782 项调查。我们测试了恐惧的差异是否可归因于青少年 (1) 非犯罪伤害的经历，(2) 在学校间接接触犯罪和暴力，或 (3) 学校安全和纪律处分。然后，我们研究了犯罪率下降期间不同种族/民族的恐惧和受害趋势，以确定恐惧相对于跨种族/族裔群体的受害发生了怎样的变化。在汇总样本中，黑人和西班牙裔青年在学校表达恐惧的几率比白人青年高 93% 和 74%，在针对暴力受害和人口特征进行调整后。在考虑了非犯罪伤害、接触犯罪和暴力以及学校安全/纪律后，黑人和西班牙裔青年表达恐惧的几率分别仅比白人青年高 39% 和 44%。中介分析表明，解释变量解释了黑人和西班牙裔青年与白人青年之间恐惧几率差异的一半 (50.2%) 和三分之一 (33.7%)。随着时间的推移分析表明，黑人和西班牙裔青年的恐惧比白人青年下降得更多，尽管不同种族/族裔的受害率下降幅度相似。总而言之，结果表明，对犯罪受害恐惧的种族和族裔差异部分反映了学校的不同经历和环境。