The objective of this article is to conceptualize affective polarization beyond partisan politics to instead analyze the ways in which women’s affective political participation is subject to toxic discipline. While a lot of focus has been placed on affective politics as mechanisms for governance, little has been done regarding affective polarization after feminist protest. In this article, we bridge two bodies of literature—affective politics and political polarization—by proposing the notion of affective polarization. We focused on the case of a series of feminist mobilizations that took place to fight back against the impunity of police violence in Mexico. We conducted a mixed-method approach that combines, on one hand, quantitative analysis of data strand tweets encompassing #EllasNoMeRepresentan (TheyDoNotRepresentMe) (N = 17,698) and #EllasSiMeRepresentan (TheyDoRepresentMe) (N = 6700) and, on the other hand, a qualitative analysis of 500 tweets of each hashtag. The results of the study revealed the existence of polarization that aims at disciplining the affective political participation of women. Almost half of our data contain negative sentiments. The toxic tweets include corrective threats, such as incitation to sexual violence, murder, hate against feminism, and patronizing discourses about how women should protest. We thus conclude that while it is true that social media has amplified feminist mobilization, it has also led to an increase of digital violence. With these findings, the article contributes to a better understanding of both feminist affective politics and its disciplining governing mechanisms in a patriarchal social media.

中文翻译：

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有毒的社交媒体：女权主义抗议后的情感两极分化

本文的目的是对党派政治之外的情感两极分化进行概念化，以分析女性情感政治参与受到有毒纪律约束的方式。虽然很多焦点都放在作为治理机制的情感政治上，但在女权主义抗议后的情感两极分化方面几乎没有做任何事情。在本文中，我们通过提出情感极化的概念来连接两个文学体——情感政治和政治极化。我们专注于一系列女权运动的案例，这些运动是为了反击墨西哥警察暴力不受惩罚的现象。我们进行了一种混合方法，一方面结合了对包含#EllasNoMeRepresentan (TheyDoNotRepresentMe) 的数据链推文的定量分析（N  = 17,698) 和#EllasSiMeRepresentan (TheyDoRepresentMe) ( N = 6700），另一方面，对每个主题标签的 500 条推文进行定性分析。研究结果揭示了旨在规范女性情感政治参与的两极分化的存在。我们几乎一半的数据包含负面情绪。有毒的推文包括纠正性威胁，例如煽动性暴力、谋杀、对女权主义的仇恨，以及关于女性应该如何抗议的傲慢言论。因此，我们得出结论，虽然社交媒体确实放大了女权主义动员，但它也导致了数字暴力的增加。有了这些发现，本文有助于更好地理解女权主义情感政治及其在父权社会媒体中的规训管理机制。