The ability to control one’s thoughts and actions is broadly associated with health and success, so it is unsurprising that measuring self-control abilities is a common goal across many areas of psychology. Puzzlingly, however, different measures of control––questionnaire ratings and cognitive tasks––show only weak relationships to each other. We review evidence that this discrepancy is not just a result of poor reliability or validity of ratings or tasks. Rather, ratings and tasks seem to assess different aspects of control, distinguishable along six main dimensions. To improve the psychological science surrounding self-control, it will be important for future work to investigate the relative importance of these dimensions to the dissociations between self-control measures, and for researchers to explain which aspects of control they are studying and why they have focused on those aspects of control when one or both types of measures are deployed.

中文翻译：

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控制能力的评级和任务测量评估同一件事吗？

控制自己的思想和行为的能力与健康和成功有着广泛的联系，因此测量自我控制能力是心理学许多领域的共同目标也就不足为奇了。然而，令人费解的是，不同的控制措施——问卷评分和认知任务——只显示出彼此之间的微弱关系。我们审查的证据表明，这种差异不仅仅是评级或任务的可靠性或有效性差的结果。相反，评级和任务似乎评估了控制的不同方面，可通过六个主要维度加以区分。为了改进围绕自我控制的心理科学，研究这些维度对自我控制措施之间分离的相对重要性对于未来的工作很重要，