Vanadium-based catalysts are considered the most promising materials to replace cobalt-based catalysts for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade organic pollutants. However, these traditional vanadium species easily leak out metal ions that can affect the environment, even though the of vanadium is much less than that of cobalt. Compared to other vanadium-based catalysts, e.g., V₂O₃, fluorinated V₂AlC shows a high and constant activity and reusability regarding PMS activation. Furthermore, it features extremely low ion leakage. Active oxygen species scavenging and electron spin resonance measurements reveal that the main reactive oxygen species was ¹O₂, which was induced by a two-dimensional confinement effect. More importantly, for the real-life application of tetracycline (TC) degradation, the introduction of fluorine changed the adsorption mode of TC over the catalyst, thereby changing the degradation path. The intermediate products were detected by liquid-chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and a possible degradation path was proposed. The environmental impact test of the decomposition products showed that the toxicity of the degradation intermediates was greatly reduced. Therefore, the investigated ultradurable catalyst material provides a basis for the practical application of advanced PMS oxidation technology.

钒基催化剂被认为是最有希望替代钴基催化剂活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）以降解有机污染物的材料。然而，这些传统的钒物种很容易泄漏出会影响环境的金属离子，即使钒的含量远低于钴。与其他钒基催化剂（例如V ₂ O ₃ ）相比，氟化V ₂ AlC 在PMS活化方面表现出高且恒定的活性和可重复使用性。此外，它具有极低的离子泄漏。活性氧清除和电子自旋共振测量表明，主要的活性氧是¹ O ₂，这是由二维限制效应引起的。更重要的是，对于四环素（TC）降解的实际应用，氟的引入改变了TC在催化剂上的吸附方式，从而改变了降解路径。中间产物通过液相色谱质谱（LC-MS）检测，并提出了可能的降解途径。分解产物的环境影响试验表明，降解中间体的毒性大大降低。因此，所研究的超耐用催化剂材料为高级PMS氧化技术的实际应用提供了基础。