High distress tolerance (DT)—the ability to effectively withstand psychological discomfort—predicts positive physical and mental health outcomes. One possible, but untested, reason for this association is that DT promotes adaptive profiles of emotion-regulation (ER) behavior in the face of stress. In the present study, 199 high-neuroticism university students completed daily surveys of DT and stress-linked ER behaviors for 14 days. We used multilevel structural equation modeling to delineate the between- and within-person ER correlates of DT. We found that higher DT predicted lower rates of most of the 12 ER behaviors—both maladaptive and adaptive—that we examined, and this pattern was fairly consistent at between- and within-person levels of analysis. Whereas these DT effects mostly disappeared when adjusting for overlap with neighboring constructs (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty) at the between-person level, there was more evidence of DT incremental validity at the within-person level. Overall, our findings suggest that higher DT, both as an individual difference factor and a state-like process that changes day to day, might reduce motivation to deliberately engage ER processes to manage stressful events. Data, analysis code, and study materials are available at https://osf.io/mfawt/.

高痛苦耐受性 (DT)——有效承受心理不适的能力——预示着积极的身心健康结果。这种关联的一个可能但未经检验的原因是，DT 促进了面对压力时情绪调节 (ER) 行为的适应性特征。在本研究中，199 名高度神经质的大学生完成了为期 14 天的 DT 和压力相关 ER 行为的每日调查。我们使用多级结构方程模型来描述 DT 的人际和人内 ER 相关性。我们发现，较高的 DT 预测了我们检查的 12 种 ER 行为（包括适应不良和适应性）中的大多数的较低比率，并且这种模式在个人之间和个人内部的分析水平上相当一致。虽然这些 DT 效应在调整与相邻结构的重叠（例如，焦虑敏感性、对不确定性的不容忍）在人与人之间的水平上时大部分消失了，但在人内水平上有更多的证据表明 DT 增加了有效性。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，较高的 DT，无论是作为个体差异因素还是每天都在变化的类似状态的过程，都可能会降低故意参与 ER 过程来管理压力事件的动机。数据、分析代码和研究材料可在 可能会降低故意使用 ER 流程来管理压力事件的动机。数据、分析代码和研究材料可在 可能会降低故意使用 ER 流程来管理压力事件的动机。数据、分析代码和研究材料可在https://osf.io/mfawt/。