Balancing the risks and benefits of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) on human and environmental health relies partly on their accurate measurement. A highly sensitive fluorescence anti-quenching multi-residue bio-barcode immunoassay was developed to detect OPs (triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos) in apples, turnips, cabbages, and rice. Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with monoclonal antibodies against the tested OPs. DNA oligonucleotides were complementarily hybridized with an RNA fluorescent label for signal amplification. The detection signals were generated by DNA-RNA hybridization and ribonuclease H dissociation of the fluorophore. The resulting fluorescence signal enables multiplexed quantification of triazophos, parathion, and chlorpyrifos residues over the concentration range of 0.01–25, 0.01–50, and 0.1–50 ng/mL with limits of detection of 0.014, 0.011, and 0.126 ng/mL, respectively. The mean recovery ranged between 80.3% and 110.8% with relative standard deviations of 7.3%–17.6%, which correlate well with results obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The proposed bio-barcode immunoassay is stable, reproducible and reliable, and is able to detect low residual levels of multi-residue OPs in agricultural products.

平衡有机磷农药 (OP) 对人类和环境健康的风险和收益部分取决于其准确测量。开发了一种高灵敏度的荧光抗猝灭多残留生物条形码免疫测定法，用于检测苹果、萝卜、卷心菜和大米中的 OP（三唑磷、对硫磷和毒死蜱）。金纳米粒子用针对测试的 OP 的单克隆抗体进行功能化。DNA 寡核苷酸与用于信号放大的 RNA 荧光标记互补杂交。检测信号由荧光团的 DNA-RNA 杂交和核糖核酸酶 H 解离产生。产生的荧光信号可以对浓度范围为 0.01–25、0.01–50 和 0 的三唑磷、对硫磷和毒死蜱残留物进行多重定量。1–50 ng/mL，检测限分别为 0.014、0.011 和 0.126 ng/mL。平均回收率介于 80.3% 和 110.8% 之间，相对标准偏差为 7.3%–17.6%，这与液相色谱-串联质谱法 (LC-MS/MS) 获得的结果密切相关。拟议的生物条形码免疫分析稳定、可重复且可靠，能够检测农产品中低残留水平的多残留有机磷。