We describe the instrumentation, calibration, and uncertainty of the network of ground-based, in situ, cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements deployed in the Permian Basin. The primary goal of the network is to be used in conjunction with atmospheric transport modeling to determine methane emissions of the Delaware sub-basin of the Permian Basin oil and natural gas extraction area in Texas and New Mexico. Four of the measurements are based on tall communications towers, while one is on a building on a mountain ridge, with the recent addition of a small tower at that site. Although methane (CH₄) is the primary species of interest, carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), and the isotopic ratio of methane (δ¹³CH₄) are also reported for a subset of the sites. Measurements were reported following the WMO X2004A scale for CH₄ and the WMO X2019 scale for CO₂. CRDS instruments were calibrated for CH₄ and CO₂ in the laboratory prior to deployment. For H₂S, data were offset-corrected using the minimum 40 min running mean value of the day, and for δ¹³CH₄, calibrations were based on laboratory data. We describe the characteristics of the dataset with a set of illustrative analyses. Methane and carbon dioxide showed strong seasonality, with a well-defined diurnal cycle during the summer, which was opposed to the winter, when a diurnal cycle was absent. CH₄ enhancements to the background, during the winter, are up to twice the summer values, which is attributed to the changes in boundary layer depth and wind speed. The largest CH₄ enhancements occurred when winds blow from the center of the Delaware sub-basin, where most of the methane emissions come from. The magnitude of enhancements of CO₂ did not present seasonality. H₂S enhancements indicated a potential source northeast of the tower (Hobbs, New Mexico) where the inlet is installed. Isotopic ratios of methane indicated that oil and natural gas extraction is the source of local methane in the region. The hourly-averaged data, starting on 1 March 2020 and described in this paper, are archived at The Pennsylvania State University Data Commons at https://doi.org/10.26208/98y5-t941 (Monteiro et al., 2021).

中文翻译：

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从二叠纪盆地塔网络观测到的甲烷、二氧化碳、硫化氢和同位素比率

我们描述了在二叠纪盆地部署的基于地面、原位、腔衰荡光谱 (CRDS) 温室气体 (GHG) 测量网络的仪器、校准和不确定性。该网络的主要目标是与大气传输建模结合使用，以确定德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州二叠纪盆地石油和天然气开采区特拉华次盆地的甲烷排放量。其中四项测量基于高耸的通信塔，而一项基于山脊上的建筑物，最近在该地点增加了一座小塔。虽然甲烷 ( CH ₄ ) 是主要感兴趣的物质，但二氧化碳 ( CO ₂ )、硫化氢 ( H ₂ S) 和甲烷的同位素比率 ( δ ¹³ CH ₄ ) 也报告了部分站点。根据 WMO X2004A CH ₄标度和 WMO X2019 CO ₂标度报告测量值。在部署之前，CRDS 仪器在实验室中针对CH ₄和 CO _{2进行了校准。}对于H ₂ S ，使用当天的最小 40分钟运行平均值对数据进行偏移校正 ，对于δ ¹³ CH ₄，校准基于实验室数据。我们用一组说明性分析来描述数据集的特征。甲烷和二氧化碳表现出强烈的季节性，夏季具有明确的昼夜循环，而冬季则没有昼夜循环。在冬季， CH ₄对背景的增强是夏季值的两倍，这归因于边界层深度和风速的变化。最大的CH ₄增强发生在从特拉华次盆地中心吹来的风时，大部分甲烷排放都来自这里。CO ₂的增加幅度不存在季节性。H ₂ S增强功能表明安装入口的塔东北部（新墨西哥州霍布斯）的潜在来源。甲烷同位素比值表明，石油和天然气开采是该地区局部甲烷的来源。从 2020 年 3 月 1 日开始并在本文中描述的每小时平均数据存档在宾夕法尼亚州立大学数据共享中心 https://doi.org/10.26208/98y5-t941（Monteiro 等人，2021 年）。