Over the past 7 years, regulatory agencies have approved hundreds of artificial intelligence (AI) devices for clinical use. In late 2020, payers began reimbursing clinicians and health systems for each use of select image-based AI devices. The experience with traditional medical devices has shown that per-use reimbursement may result in the overuse use of AI. We review current models of paying for AI in medicine and describe five alternative and complementary reimbursement approaches, including incentivizing outcomes instead of volume, utilizing advance market commitments and time-limited reimbursements for new AI applications, and rewarding interoperability and bias mitigation. As AI rapidly integrates into routine healthcare, careful design of payment for AI is essential for improving patient outcomes while maximizing cost-effectiveness and equity.

中文翻译：

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为医学领域的人工智能付费


过去 7 年里，监管机构已批准数百种人工智能 (AI) 设备用于临床。 2020 年底，付款人开始向临床医生和卫生系统对每次使用精选的基于图像的人工智能设备进行补偿。传统医疗设备的经验表明，按次报销可能会导致人工智能的过度使用。我们回顾了当前医疗领域人工智能的支付模式，并描述了五种替代和补充报销方法，包括激励结果而不是数量、利用预先市场承诺和对新人工智能应用程序的限时报销，以及奖励互操作性和减轻偏见。随着人工智能迅速融入日常医疗保健，仔细设计人工智能支付对于改善患者治疗结果、同时最大限度地提高成本效益和公平性至关重要。