The phenology of dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics and metabolism in north temperate lakes offers a basis for comparing metabolic cycles over multi-year time scales. Although proximal control over lake DO can be attributed to metabolism and physical processes, how those processes evolve over decades largely remains unexplored. Metabolism phenology may reveal the importance of coherence among lakes and facilitate general conclusions about the controls on lake metabolism at regional scales. We developed a Bayesian modeling framework to estimate DO concentrations and metabolism in eight lakes in contrasting landscapes in Wisconsin, USA. We identify the DO and metabolism phenologies for each lake, and use those to compare how decadal patterns relate to trophic state and landscape setting. We show that lakes can be categorized by their hypolimnetic oxygen consumption dynamics, with oligotrophic lakes having a diverse set of patterns and eutrophic lakes having uniform trends of increased oxygen consumption over the last decade. Metabolism phenology is likewise diverse for oligotrophic lakes, whereas eutrophic lakes in southern Wisconsin share consistent long-term patterns of metabolic trends and seasonal DO consumption highlighting the importance of trophic state driving metabolism. Eutrophic lakes had higher magnitudes and more seasonal variation in net ecosystem production in contrast to oligotrophic lakes. Generally, long-term metabolic trends of north temperate lakes suggest a limited influence of climate on lake metabolism and that temporal coherence of long-term metabolism change is driven primarily by the landscape setting.

中文翻译：

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北温带湖泊代谢物候长期变化

北温带湖泊溶解氧 (DO) 动态和代谢的物候为比较多年时间尺度上的代谢周期提供了基础。尽管对湖泊 DO 的近端控制可归因于新陈代谢和物理过程，但这些过程如何在几十年内演变在很大程度上仍未探索。代谢物候学可能揭示湖泊之间一致性的重要性，并有助于得出关于区域尺度湖泊代谢控制的一般性结论。我们开发了一个贝叶斯模型框架来估计美国威斯康星州对比景观中八个湖泊的 DO 浓度和代谢。我们确定了每个湖泊的溶解氧和代谢物候，并使用它们来比较年代际模式与营养状态和景观环境的关系。我们表明，湖泊可以根据它们的低浓度耗氧动态进行分类，贫营养湖泊具有多种模式，而富营养湖泊在过去十年中耗氧量增加的趋势一致。贫营养湖泊的代谢物候同样多样，而威斯康星州南部的富营养湖泊具有一致的长期代谢趋势模式和季节性 DO 消耗，突出了营养状态驱动新陈代谢的重要性。与贫营养湖泊相比，富营养湖泊的净生态系统产量具有更高的量级和更多的季节性变化。一般来说，北温带湖泊的长期代谢趋势表明气候对湖泊代谢的影响有限，长期代谢变化的时间一致性主要由景观环境驱动。