There is a critical disconnect between scientific knowledge about the nature of bias and how this knowledge gets translated into organizational debiasing efforts. Conceptual confusion around what implicit bias is contributes to misunderstanding. Bridging these gaps is the key to understanding when and why antibias interventions will succeed or fail. Notably, there are multiple distinct pathways to biased behavior, each of which requires different types of interventions. To bridge the gap between public understanding and psychological research, we introduce a visual typology of bias that summarizes the process by which group-relevant cognitions are expressed as biased behavior. Our typology spotlights cognitive, motivational, and situational variables that affect the expression and inhibition of biases while aiming to reduce the ambiguity of what constitutes implicit bias. We also address how norms modulate how biases unfold and are perceived by targets. Using this typology as a framework, we identify theoretically distinct entry points for antibias interventions. A key insight is that changing associations, increasing motivation, raising awareness, and changing norms are distinct goals that require different types of interventions targeting individual, interpersonal, and institutional structures. We close with recommendations for antibias training grounded in the science of prejudice and stereotyping.

中文翻译：

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为什么抗偏见干预（不需要）失败

关于偏见本质的科学知识与如何将这些知识转化为组织去偏见的努力之间存在严重的脱节。围绕什么是隐性偏见的概念混淆会导致误解。弥合这些差距是了解反偏见干预何时以及为何会成功或失败的关键。值得注意的是，偏见行为有多种不同的途径，每一种途径都需要不同类型的干预。为了弥合公众理解和心理学研究之间的差距，我们引入了偏见的视觉类型学，它总结了与群体相关的认知被表达为偏见行为的过程。我们的类型学强调认知、激励、以及影响偏见表达和抑制的情境变量，同时旨在减少构成隐性偏见的模糊性。我们还讨论了规范如何调节偏见如何展开和被目标感知。使用这种类型学作为框架，我们确定了理论上不同的抗偏见干预的切入点。一个关键的见解是，改变联想、增加动力、提高认识和改变规范是不同的目标，需要针对个人、人际关系和机构结构进行不同类型的干预。我们以基于偏见和刻板印象科学的反偏见培训建议作为结尾。我们确定了理论上不同的抗偏见干预的切入点。一个关键的见解是，改变联想、增加动力、提高认识和改变规范是不同的目标，需要针对个人、人际关系和机构结构进行不同类型的干预。我们以基于偏见和刻板印象科学的反偏见培训建议作为结尾。我们确定了理论上不同的抗偏见干预的切入点。一个关键的见解是，改变联想、增加动力、提高认识和改变规范是不同的目标，需要针对个人、人际关系和机构结构进行不同类型的干预。我们以基于偏见和刻板印象科学的反偏见培训建议作为结尾。