Fatigue causes deleterious effects to physical and mental health of human being and may cause loss of lives. Therefore, the adverse effects of fatigue on individuals and the society are massive. With the ever-increasing frequency of overtraining among modern military and sports personnel, timely, portable and accurate fatigue diagnosis is essential to avoid fatigue-induced accidents. However, traditional detection methods require complex sample preparation and blood sampling processes, which cannot meet the timeliness and portability of fatigue diagnosis. With the development of flexible materials and biosensing technology, wearable biosensors have attracted increased attention to the researchers. Wearable biosensors collect biomarkers from noninvasive biofluids, such as sweat, saliva, and tears, followed by biosensing with the help of biosensing modules continuously and quantitatively. The detection signal can then be transmitted through wireless communication modules that constitute a method for real-time understanding of abnormality. Recent developments of wearable biosensors are focused on miniaturized wearable electrochemistry and optical biosensors for metabolites detection, of which, few have exhibited satisfactory results in medical diagnosis. However, detection performance limits the wide-range applicability of wearable fatigue diagnosis. In this article, the application of wearable biosensors in fatigue diagnosis has been discussed. In fact, exploration of the composition of different biofluids and their potential toward fatigue diagnosis have been discussed here for the very first time. Moreover, discussions regarding the current bottlenecks in wearable fatigue biosensors and the latest advancements in biochemical reaction and data communication modules have been incorporated herein. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities were discussed for wearable fatigue diagnosis in the future.

中文翻译：

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用于人体疲劳诊断的可穿戴生物传感器：综述


疲劳会对人类的身心健康造成有害影响，并可能导致生命损失。因此，疲劳对个人和社会的不利影响是巨大的。随着现代军事和体育人员过度训练的频率不断增加，及时、便携、准确的疲劳诊断对于避免疲劳引发的事故至关重要。但传统检测方法需要复杂的样本制备和采血流程，无法满足疲劳诊断的及时性和便携性。随着柔性材料和生物传感技术的发展，可穿戴生物传感器越来越受到研究人员的关注。可穿戴生物传感器从汗液、唾液和眼泪等非侵入性生物流体中收集生物标志物，然后借助生物传感模块连续定量地进行生物传感。然后可以通过无线通信模块传输检测信号，构成实时了解异常情况的方法。可穿戴生物传感器的最新发展集中在用于代谢物检测的小型化可穿戴电化学和光学生物传感器，其中很少有在医学诊断中表现出令人满意的结果。然而，检测性能限制了可穿戴式疲劳诊断的广泛适用性。本文讨论了可穿戴生物传感器在疲劳诊断中的应用。事实上，这里首次讨论了对不同生物流体的成分及其在疲劳诊断方面的潜力的探索。 此外，关于可穿戴疲劳生物传感器的当前瓶颈以及生化反应和数据通信模块的最新进展的讨论已纳入本文。最后，讨论了未来可穿戴疲劳诊断的主要挑战和机遇。