Abstract The aim of this systematic literature review was to answer the question of which executive function is most affected by interpreter training and experience. We used the ‘unity and diversity’ framework of executive functions to distinguish between three executive components: Response and Distractor Inhibition, Shifting, and Updating. Among the seventeen studies included in the review, we only found evidence for an interpreter advantage on Shifting and Updating, but with a different pattern for each of these. With regard to Updating, groups of interpreters scored better than comparison groups, but general trend in longitudinal studies did not show an improvement for interpreter trainees. In contrast, for Shifting, scores improved as a result of interpreting training. Our systematic review stresses the importance of understanding the diversity of executive processes when investigating the relationship between interpreting and cognitive performance.

中文翻译：

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执行职能中的口译员优势？

摘要 本系统文献综述的目的是回答哪个执行功能受口译培训和经验影响最大的问题。我们使用执行功能的“统一和多样性”框架来区分三个执行组件：响应和干扰抑制、转移和更新。在审查中包含的 17 项研究中，我们仅发现了翻译人员在 Shifting 和 Updating 方面的优势的证据，但每一项的模式都不同。在更新方面，口译组的得分高于对照组，但纵向研究的总体趋势并未显示口译学员的改善。相比之下，对于 Shifting，通过口译培训提高了分数。我们的系统评价强调了在调查口译和认知表现之间的关系时理解执行过程的多样性的重要性。