The Cebala-Borj Touil (Cebala) Plain in Tunisia is a large perimeter with an area of 3,200 ha. In 1990, a drainage and irrigation system was installed. The groundwater system is complex due to the proximity to the sea, the low slope, and the low performance of natural drainage. It is characterized by shallow groundwater and soil water logging. The flooded area is controlled by natural and artificial factors. The natural parameters are the flat slope and the soil texture. The man-made problems are caused by inappropriate irrigation and drainage deficiency. The numerical groundwater flow simulation model FEFLOW (Finite Element Subsurface Flow System) was used to simulate the groundwater depth variability. The calculated water table depth ranged from less than 0.5 m from the ground surface to more than 8 m. Based on the calibrated model, several management scenarios were investigated to study the possibilities to mitigate the problem of water logging in the perimeter. The model results showed that improving the drainage efficiency and reducing the irrigation amounts could solve the water logging problem, but not entirely. For the low flooded parts, a pumping option could be considered. The final management scheme might include the combination of all the tested management scenarios.

中文翻译：

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浅层含水层地下水建模以评估水涝：以突尼斯北部 Cebala-Borj Touil 灌溉区为例

突尼斯的 Cebala-Borj Touil (Cebala) 平原是一个面积达 3,200 公顷的大型周边地区。1990年安装排灌系统。由于临海、坡度低、自然排水性能差，地下水系统复杂。其特点是浅层地下水和土壤水涝。淹没面积受自然因素和人为因素控制。自然参数是平坦的坡度和土壤质地。人为问题是由于排灌不当造成的。采用数值地下水流模拟模型FEFLOW（Finite Element Subsurface Flow System）模拟地下水埋深变化。计算的地下水位深度范围从距地表小于0.5 m到大于8 m。基于校准模型，对几种管理方案进行了调查，以研究缓解周边水涝问题的可能性。模型结果表明，提高排水效率和减少灌溉量可以解决内涝问题，但不能完全解决。对于低淹没部分，可以考虑泵送选项。最终的管理方案可能包括所有经过测试的管理方案的组合。