To maximize the flux pinning in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) thin film applications, we have experimentally studied the effect of BaZrO₃ (BZO) nanorod density within the YBa₂Cu₃O 6+x (YBCO) lattice. Even though the BZO decreases the self-field critical current density Jc(0) and the absolute Jc(B) at high fields is observed being the highest for 4% BZO doped YBCO, the maximized pinning property is observed at the level of 10% of BZO, when the distance between the outer edge of the nanorods is in the order of the diameter of the nanorod. In general, as also theoretically calculated, the flux pinning is increased even above 10% of BZO, but the improvement is limited by disturbance of the nanorod growth, weakening the flux pinning and decreasing the absolute Jc drastically. The results evidently show that by maximizing the flux pinning using higher BZO doping concentration than earlier expected and taking care of the maximum self-field Jc(0) , which is strongly dependent on the electron mean free path, would offer the keys to resolve the challenges in the future HTS power applications.

中文翻译：

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YBa2Cu3O 6+x 矩阵中针对高场应用优化的 BaZrO3 纳米棒密度

为了最大化高温超导体 (HTS) 薄膜应用中的通量钉扎，我们通过实验研究了YBa ₂ Cu ₃ O中 BaZrO _{3 (BZO) 纳米棒密度的影响} 6个+X (YBCO) 晶格。尽管 BZO 降低了自场临界电流密度 杰C(0) 和绝对 杰C(乙) 在高场下观察到掺杂 4% BZO 的 YBCO 最高，在 10% BZO 的水平下观察到最大的钉扎特性，此时纳米棒外边缘之间的距离大约为纳米棒的直径. 一般来说，正如理论上计算的那样，BZO 的通量钉扎增加甚至超过 10%，但这种改进受到纳米棒生长干扰的限制，削弱了通量钉扎并降低了绝对 杰C 剧烈地。结果清楚地表明，通过使用比早先预期更高的 BZO 掺杂浓度来最大化通量钉扎并注意最大自场 杰C(0) 强烈依赖于电子平均自由程，将提供解决未来高温超导功率应用挑战的关键。