Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.

中文翻译：

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负面反馈寻求和过度安慰寻求行为和抑郁：元分析回顾

简介： 人际关系中的负面反馈寻求和过度寻求安慰的行为已被证明经常与抑郁程度一起发生。方法：我们使用荟萃分析检查了 102 项研究（134 项影响），将抑郁与寻求负反馈（k = 31）和/或过度寻求安慰（k = 103）联系起来。结果：抑郁症具有积极的、中等的影响大小，同时寻求负反馈 (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) 和过度寻求安慰 (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103)。亚组分析显示，与其他关系类型相比，浪漫关系中寻求负面反馈的效应量较小。过度寻求保证的效果大小在浪漫关系和其他关系中没有差异，但在持续时间较长的浪漫关系中较小。参与者的性别和症状严重程度没有影响效应大小。与成人样本相比，儿童和青少年样本的研究对寻求负面反馈的影响较大，而对过度寻求保证的影响较小。讨论：更密切的关系可以防止抑郁症患者出现不适应的人际交往行为。