Introduction: This study explores the associations in the United States between each state's stereotypes about the dangerousness of people with mental illness and important outcomes for people with mental illness. Methods: Implicit association test and questionnaire data from 17,312 online participants were aggregated within states and years. Each state's annual average implicit and explicit stereotypes were used to predict state differences in prevalence, and treatment, unemployment, and homelessness among people with mental illness. Results: Implicit and explicit perceived dangerousness interact such that in states with low explicit perceived dangerousness, implicit perceived dangerousness is positively associated with all outcomes. In states with high explicit perceived dangerousness, implicit perceived dangerousness is negatively associated with homelessness. Discussion: Explicit-implicit discrepancy in macro-level perceived dangerousness is generally associated with worse outcomes for people with mental illness, but the effects are small. Macro-level stereotypes might have larger effects in smaller regions, like counties, than in states.

中文翻译：

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宏观层面的精神疾病污名的显性-隐性差异与患病率和护理有关

简介：本研究探讨了美国各州对精神疾病患者危险性的刻板印象与精神疾病患者的重要结局之间的关联。方法：在州和年份内汇总了来自 17,312 名在线参与者的隐式关联测试和问卷数据。每个州的年平均内隐和外显刻板印象被用来预测精神病患者在患病率、治疗、失业和无家可归方面的州差异。结果：隐性和显性感知危险相互作用，使得在显性感知危险性较低的状态下，隐性感知危险与所有结果呈正相关。在具有高度明确感知危险性的州，隐含的感知危险与无家可归负相关。讨论：宏观层面感知危险的显性-隐性差异通常与精神疾病患者的较差结果相关，但影响很小。宏观层面的刻板印象在较小的地区（如县）可能比在州内产生更大的影响。