INTRODUCTION Poor parental monitoring has been theorized as a key risk factor for an adolescent's association with deviant peers. However, measurements of parental monitoring often only measure parental knowledge rather than parental monitoring actions, leaving the true longitudinal associations between parental monitoring and peer delinquency unclear. METHODS The current sample consisted of 1095 male justice-involved adolescents (13-17 years old at baseline collected between 2011 and 2013) from across the United States who provided survey data every 6 months for 3 years. Longitudinal associations between parental monitoring constructs (i.e., parental solicitation and monitoring rules) and peer delinquency were tested using random intercept cross-lagged panel models to investigate both between-individual associations and within-individual bidirectional effects. RESULTS Although parental monitoring and peer delinquency were negatively related at a between-individual level, very few within-individual directional effects were found. The few within-individual effects present indicated that parental solicitation predicted greater peer delinquency and peer delinquency predicted fewer parental monitoring rules over time. CONCLUSIONS Current findings indicate that, while greater overall parental monitoring is associated with less peer delinquency, there is little evidence that changes in parental monitoring lead to reductions in peer delinquency over time. Results support previous findings suggesting parental monitoring should not be the sole target of intervention for reducing peer delinquency.

中文翻译：

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父母监控和不良同伴关系的纵向关联：父母劝诱和监控规则的潜在影响。

引言 父母监督不佳已被理论化为青少年与异常同伴交往的关键风险因素。然而，父母监控的测量通常只测量父母的知识而不是父母的监控行为，使得父母监控与同伴犯罪之间的真正纵向关联尚不清楚。方法 目前的样本包括来自美国各地的 1095 名参与司法的男性青少年（在 2011 年至 2013 年间收集的基线年龄为 13-17 岁），他们每 6 个月提供一次调查数据，为期 3 年。父母监控结构之间的纵向关联（即，父母劝诱和监督规则）和同伴犯罪使用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型进行测试，以研究个体之间的关联和个体内部的双向效应。结果虽然父母监督和同伴犯罪在个体之间呈负相关，但很少发现个体内部的方向效应。少数个体内部效应表明，随着时间的推移，父母劝诱预示着更大的同伴犯罪，而同伴犯罪预示着更少的父母监督规则。结论 目前的研究结果表明，虽然更大的整体父母监督与更少的同伴犯罪相关，但几乎没有证据表明父母监督的变化会随着时间的推移导致同伴犯罪的减少。